Tree, 12-20 m by 40-60 cm ø; buttresses up to 1.6 m tall, 1.2 m out, straight; bark pale-brown, fissured. Innovations with dense stellate tomen-tum. Branchlets sturdy, initially dull dark-coloured, later greyish, with many lenticels; terminal bud ovoid-globose, 3-6 by 2-4 mm, scales ovate-acute, 3-5 by 2-3 mm. Stipules deltoid, minute. Leaves thick-coriaceous, (10-)16-20 by (3½-) 8-10 cm (index 1.7-3), widest about the middle, on sterile basal shoots to 38 by 18 cm; above glabrous, glossy sometimes dull, beneath with dense, brownish, stellate scale-like tomentum (magnification 50!); base rounded to attenuate-acute, apex rounded to acutish, sometimes ½-1 cm acuminate; midrib prominent on both sides; nerves 15-20 pairs, parallel, ascending, arcuating towards the margin, at an angle of (45-)70-80 (-90)°, prominent beneath, flat to subprominent above; reticulation fine, obscure on both surfaces; petiole 1½-3½ cm, adaxially flat. Male rachis 10-20 cm, bracts ovate-acute; ♂ flowers in clusters of 3-7, perianth deeply 6-lobed, lobes rounded-acute, 1 by 1 mm, hairy outside; stamens 12, filaments 3½-4mm, glabrous, anthers 0.25 mm long; pistillode roundish, 1-1½ mm ø, woolly pubescent. Female rachis 10 cm; ♀ flowers in clusters of 3(-4-5); perianth deeply 6-lobed, lobes acute, ½ cm long, hairy outside; staminodes 12, rudimentary; styles 3, conical, ½-1 mm. Young cupule sessile, subglobose, the future spines scalelike, densely set all over the surface, acroscopical. Ripe cupule subsessile, depressed-subglobose or sometimes constricted at base and top, 3-4-lobed, 3½-4 cm through, thick, woody, covered with 3-4 prominent, transverse, curved ridges bearing sharp short spines; dehiscence into 3-4 equal segments. Fruits 2-4 in each cupule, complanate-subglobose, 1½-2 cm through, shining, smooth, with sparse, adpressed, stellate tomentum; base convex, rugose, glabrous.
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A tree. It grows 20 m tall. The trunk is 40 cm across. It has buttresses 1.6 m tall. The leaves are thick and leathery. They are smooth and shiny above. There are a few hairs underneath. The leaves are narrowly oval and 16-21 cm long by 8-10 cm wide. The male and female flowers are separate. The male flowering stalks are 10-15 cm long and have flowers in clusters of 3-5. The female flowering stalks are 8-10 cm long and the flowers are in clusters of 3. The fruit cup is a flattened round shape and 3-4 cm across. It is prickly. There are 2-4 nuts in each cup. They are oval and up to 2 cm across.
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