Centaurea virgata subsp. squarrosa (Willd.) Gugler

Squarrose knapweed (en), Centaurée squarreuse (fr)

Subspecies

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Centaurea > Centaurea virgata

Characteristics

Herbs 25-70 cm tall, perennial. Stems few to several, erect, branched from above middle; branches spreading, rigid; stem and branches grayish green, arachnoid tomentose. Leaves densely minutely gland-dotted, arachnoid tomentose. Basal and lower stem leaves petiolate; petiole 3-7 cm; leaf blade elliptic in outline, 5-8 × 2-4 cm, pinnatipartite to bipinnatipartite; ultimate segments linear to narrowly elliptic, 0.7-3 mm wide. Middle stem leaves sessile, pinnatipartite. Upper leaves diminished, undivided. Capitula many, laxly and broadly paniculate, solitary or in pairs, easily detaching from peduncle after anthesis. Involucre ovoid, ellipsoid-ovoid, or cylindric, 2.5-3.5 mm in diam. Phyllaries in ca. 6 rows; outer and middle phyllaries elliptic, narrowly elliptic, or linear-lanceolate, 2-8 × 1-1.8 mm, puberulent; appendage of outer and middle phyllaries straw-colored or with a purple tinge, with 4-8 pectinately arranged 1-1.8 mm spinules on each side ending in a 1-2 mm arcuate-recurved spine; inner phyllaries linear-lanceolate, ca. 8 × 1.5 mm; appendage of inner phyllaries triangular to subulate, scarious. Sterile florets few, as long as bisexual ones, not or scarcely radiant; bisexual florets 3-7. Corolla purple to pink. Achene grayish, ovoid, 3-3.5 mm, pilose to subglabrous, apex with an almost smooth inconspicuous rim. Outer pappus elements in few rows, longest ca. 2 mm, scabridulous; inner pappus elements ca. 0.7 mm. Fl. and fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 36.
More
Perennials, 20–50 cm, scabrous. Stems several, diffusely much-branched distally, finely tomentose, minutely resin-gland-dotted. Leaves finely tomentose, minutely resin-gland-dotted; basal and proximal cauline petiolate, often absent at anthesis, blades 10–15 cm, margins 1–2 times pinnately divided into linear segments; mid and distal cauline sessile, smaller, pinnately divided or simple. Heads disciform, in paniculiform arrays, sessile or short-pedunculate. Involucres narrowly ovoid or cylindric, 7–8 × 3–5 mm, falling at maturity with enclosed cypselae. Principal phyllaries: bodies pale green or stramineous, ovate to lanceolate, sometimes purple-tinged, glabrous or finely tomentose, sparsely resin-gland-dotted, margins scarious, appendages spreading, fringed with slender stramineous spines, each tipped by spreading to reflexed spine 1–3 mm. Inner phyllaries lanceolate, ± acute. Florets 10–14(–16); corollas pink or pale purple, those of sterile florets very slender, 3-lobed, linear, not exceeding disc corollas, those of fertile florets 7–9 mm. Cypselae light brown or stramineous, 2.5–3.5 mm, glabrous; pappi of white bristles 1–2.5 mm or sometimes very reduced. 2n = 36.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.25 - 0.7
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light 7-9
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-10

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 7 - 14
Germination temperacture (C°) 15 - 21
Germination luminosity dark
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Centaurea virgata subsp. squarrosa world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, France, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, North Macedonia, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, United States of America, Uzbekistan, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77181630-1
WFO ID wfo-0000106430
COL ID 7JJP8
BDTFX ID 76407
INPN ID 160358
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Centaurea pseudosquarrosa Acrolophus squarrosus Acosta squarrosa Centaurea parviflora Centaurea squarrosa Centaurea virgata var. squarrosa Centaurea virgata subsp. squarrosa