Chaenomeles japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. ex Spach

Maule's quince (en), Cognassier du japon (fr), Pommier du Japon (fr), Cognassier du Japon (fr), Chénomèle du Japon (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Rosaceae > Chaenomeles

Characteristics

Shrubs to 1 m tall, with slender thorns. Branches spreading; branchlets purple when young, blackish brown when old, terete, scabrous and tomentose when young, verruculose, and glabrous when old; buds purple, triangular-ovate, glabrous, apex acute. Stipules reniform, ca. 1 cm, herbaceous, glabrous, margin serrate, apex obtuse; petiole ca. 5 mm, glabrous; leaf blade obovate or spatulate to broadly ovate, 3–5 × 2–3 cm, glabrous, base cuneate or broadly cuneate, margin crenate, apex obtuse or acute. Pedicel short or nearly absent, glabrous. Flowers 3–5-fascicled, 2.5–4 cm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially glabrous. Sepals ovate, rarely suborbicular, 4–5 mm, abaxially glabrous, adaxially and margin brown pubescent. Petals dark red, obovate or suborbicular. Stamens 40–60, ca. 1/2 as long as petals. Styles ca. as long as stamens, connate at base, glabrous. Pome yellow, subglobose, 3–4 cm in diam.; sepals caducous; fruiting pedicel short or nearly absent. Fl. Mar–Jun, fr. Aug–Oct.
More
Shrubs, 0.2–10 dm. Branches purple, scabrous (and tomentose when young, becoming blackish brown, verrucose, glabrous with age). Leaves: stipules of vegetative branches reniform, to 1 cm, margins crenate-serrate, apex usually obtuse; petiole 4–6 mm; blade obovate, spatulate, or broadly ovate, 3–5 × 2–3 cm, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, margins crenate-serrate, apex obtuse to acute, abaxial surface glabrous. Flowers 25–40 mm diam.; sepals ovate, rarely suborbiculate, 4–5 mm; petals dark red, obovate or suborbiculate, 15–25 mm; stamens 40–60, 1/2 length of petals. Pomes yellow, subglobose, 23–40 mm diam.
A shrub. It has many stems. It grows 90-150 cm high. It loses its leaves during the year. It is a straggling plant. It has horizontal, spreading, thorny branches. The leaves are alternate and long and pointed. They have fine teeth around the edge. The flowers are 3.5 cm across. They are orange or red. The fruit are small and round. They are yellow and have a pleasant scent. They become sticky when ripe.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.0 - 1.5
Mature height (meter) 1.0 - 1.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. They are frost hardy. They will grow in most types of soil. It can tolerate drought. It is best in rich, well-drained soil. It suits hardiness zones 6-9. Arboretum Tasmania.
More
Woods in low mountains.
Light 4-8
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-8

Usage

The skin of the fruit can be used for jams and jellies. The fruit can be used to add flavour to pies. The juice is used for flavouring. They can be crushed and fermented to make wine.
Uses breeding drinks environmental use food medicinal ornamental
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use Antitussive (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Cholera (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Pyrosis (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from cuttings or suckers.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 70 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 12 - 18
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -29
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Chaenomeles japonica habit picture by Kate Senatskaya (cc-by-sa)
Chaenomeles japonica habit picture by cirse (cc-by-sa)
Chaenomeles japonica habit picture by Joël Level (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Chaenomeles japonica leaf picture by Julie Laurence (cc-by-sa)
Chaenomeles japonica leaf picture by Sameline Richem-Mouhamed (cc-by-sa)
Chaenomeles japonica leaf picture by Sameline Richem-Mouhamed (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Chaenomeles japonica flower picture by Sameline Richem-Mouhamed (cc-by-sa)
Chaenomeles japonica flower picture by Sameline Richem-Mouhamed (cc-by-sa)
Chaenomeles japonica flower picture by Tomas Tamoshaytis (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Chaenomeles japonica fruit picture by Mariusz Staniszewski (cc-by-sa)
Chaenomeles japonica fruit picture by Stevenazzi Fabio (cc-by-sa)
Chaenomeles japonica fruit picture by Annick (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Chaenomeles japonica world distribution map, present in Brazil, Canada, China, Estonia, Croatia, Japan, Myanmar, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Slovakia, Taiwan, Province of China, United States of America, and Uzbekistan

Conservation status

Chaenomeles japonica threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:724548-1
WFO ID wfo-0001003367
COL ID 69MTX
BDTFX ID 16270
INPN ID 90307
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Pseudochaenomeles maulei Choenomeles maulei Choenomeles japonica Aronia japonica Cydonia japonica Chaenomeles alpina Pyrus pseudochaenomeles Chaenomeles japonica Pyrus japonica Chaenomeles maulei Pyrus maulei Chaenomeles trichogyna Cydonia maulei Pseudo-chaenomeles maulei Chaenomeles japonica var. maulei Cydonia japonica var. typica

Lower taxons

Chaenomeles japonica var. alpina