Chaenostoma halimifolium Benth.

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Scrophulariaceae > Chaenostoma

Characteristics

Ultimately a twiggy gnarled dwarf shrublet, but will flower when young and then looks like an annual or an herbaceous perennial, taproot eventually forming a woody caudex up to c. 10 mm diam. at the crown, sometimes becoming several-crowned, branches up to 50-350 mm long, erect or decumbent, leafy, thickly to thinly clad in almost sessile glistening vesicular hairs that also clothe leaves, bracts, pedicels and calyces, minute glandular hairs sometimes present as well. Leaves opposite, bases connate, largest c. 7-25(-30) x 1.5-5(-12) mm, elliptic tapering to a short petiolar part, subacute or acute, margins entire or with 1-8 pairs of teeth, teeth minute to pronounced, texture often leathery, herbaceous in some larger leaves. Flowers in long racemes terminating every branch, thus loosely panicled. Bracts usually sharply differentiated from the leaves, occasionally the lowermost one or two pairs of flowers in axils of uppermost leaves, lowermost bracts (as opposed to leaves) c. 1.5-6 x 0.8-1.5 mm, lanceolate to ovate, acute. Pedicels (lowermost) 5-20 mm long. Calyx obscurely bilabiate, tube 0.7-1 mm long, lobes 1.6-2.5 x 0.5-1 mm. Corolla tube 3-5(5.5-7.5) x 3-4 mm in throat, broadly funnel-shaped, limb almost regular, 7-10 mm across, posticous lobes 2-3.2 x 2-3 mm, anticous lobe 3-4 x 2.3-3.5 mm, all oblong-orbicular, shades of pink or mauve, occasionally white, tube yellow, glandular-puberulous outside, hairs up to 0.15 mm long, these hairs sometimes wanting, glistening glands always present, clavate hairs inside in 5 longitudinal bands. Stamens 4, all exserted, anthers 0.8-1.3 mm long, posticous filaments 1.7-2.2(-3) mm long, anticous filaments (2.2-2.8)2.7-5 mm long. Stigma 1.5-2.5 mm long, exserted. Style 2.5-4 mm long. Ovary 1-1.5 x 0.6-1.1 mm, with glistening glands on sutures and often on upper half as well. Capsules c. 3.5-4 x 2-2.5 mm, glistening glands persistent. Seeds c. 0.5-0.8 x 0.3-0.4 mm, pallid or blue-grey. Flowering occurs principally between September and April.
More
Annual or perennial herb; suffrutex, woody at base; stem, leaves and calyx clad in vesicular hairs (which look like tiny round scales). Stems 0.75-3.50 m high, branches wiry, slender, lower ones elongated; glandular pubescent or sometimes almost glabrous, Leaves opposite; subsessile or sessile; blade elliptic-oblong, oblanceolate or linear, 6-25 x 1-6 mm, apex obtuse, narrowed towards decurrent base, margins entire or toothed. Flowers: in long, terminal racemes, forming a panicle; stamens exserted; calyx lacking coarse hairs; corolla tube 0.83.2 mm wide, funnel-shaped, yellow; limb 4-7 mm in diameter; lobes narrowly linear-ovate, pink or mauve to lilac, sometimes white; mainly Sep.-Apr.
Gnarled, much-branched dwarf shrub, but can flower young, many parts clad in sessile hairs like salt grains. Stems up to 350 mm long. Leaves opposite, elliptic, ± acute, entire or toothed. Flowers in long, terminal racemes, forming a panicle. Calyx lacking coarse hairs. Corolla: tube 3.0-5.0 mm (up to 7.5 mm in Humansdorp area) wide, yellow; lobes pink or mauve, sometimes white.
Gnarled, glandular shrublet to 35 cm, hairs granular. Leaves sometimes coarsely toothed. Flowers in long racemes, tube shortly funnel-shaped, pink or mauve with a yellow tube.
Life form
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.75 - 3.5
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity 1-5
Soil texture 7-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Chaenostoma halimifolium world distribution map, present in South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:801464-1
WFO ID wfo-0000598846
COL ID 5XN64
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Sutera pumila Sutera laxiflora Sutera halimifolia Chaenostoma pumilum Manulea halimifolia Sphenandra cinerea Chaenostoma halimifolium Chaenostoma laxiflorum Manulea oppositiflora var. angustifolia