Chaetocarpus castanocarpus (Roxb.) Thwaites

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Peraceae > Chaetocarpus

Characteristics

Trees (or shrubs) up to 45 m high, girth up to 3 m, dbh up to 60 cm; buttresses usually absent or indistinct, up to 1.2 m long, c. 7.5 cm thick; flowering branches 1-4 mm thick. Outer bark (smooth to) flaky, finely fissured, peeling off in 1-2 cm wide strips, coarsely granular, white to brown-grey to reddish brown to deep purple-brown, up to 2 mm thick; inner hard, gritty, salmon to red to purplish brown, up to 1 cm thick; cambium white to pale yellow; sapwood white to yellow-brown, heartwood pale reddish brown. Stipules falcate, obovate, 3-6.5 by 0.6-2.2 mm, subglabrous to subsericeous. Leaves: petiole 3-17 mm long, reniform in transverse section, with grooves across; blade ovate (to elliptic), 3.5-18.5 by 1.5-8 cm, length/width ratio 1.8-3.5, very apex narrowly rounded to mucronulate, nerves 7-9 per side. Inflorescences densely hirsute; bracts triangular, c. 0.8 by 1 mm. Flowers greenish yellow to white-yellow to yellow, slightly fragrant, sweet; pedicels woolly; sepals ovate to rounded, 1.5-3 by 1.5-3.3 mm; disc pink to red. Staminate flowers 2.2-3.7 mm diam.; pedicel 3.8-4.6 mm long; stamens: androphore 2.8-5 mm long, hairy, white, filaments 0.4-1 mm long, anthers triangular to elliptic, 0.5-1.2 by 0.4-0.6 mm, (hairy), yellow. Pistillate flowers up to 7.5 mm diam.; pedicel 3.3-5 mm long; pistil: (gynophore up to 0.4 mm high), ovary ovoid, 1-1.3 mm high, styles 3, 0.3-1.2 mm long, stigma lobes 1-2 mm long. Fruits 8-18 by 80-18 mm, yellow turning reddish brown, glochidiate hairs c. 3 mm long. Seeds 5.2-5.5 by 3.5-5 by 2.7-3.5 mm; aril red. Embryo ovoid, flattened, c. 4.3 by 3 mm; plumule and radicle c. 0.7 mm long.
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Trees 5-12 m tall; young branches sparsely puberulent, glabrous at maturity. Stipules obliquely lanceolate, small, caducous; petiole 5-8 mm; leaf blade leathery, ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, 7-15 × 3-5 cm, both surfaces glabrous, reddish brown when dry, glossy, base broadly cuneate or obtuse, margin entire, apex acuminate; lateral veins 6-9, ascending, arcuate, anastomosing before margins. Flowers in axillary glomerules; bracts ovate, ca. 1 mm. Male flowers: pedicels ca. 4.5 mm; sepals 4, oblong, 2-3 mm, exterior puberulent, margins ciliate; stamens 8; filaments ca. 2.5 mm, connate for half length; anthers ca. 1 mm; pistillode 3-fid, yellow pubescent. Female flowers: pedicels ca. 4.5 mm, puberulent; sepals 4, ovate, ca. 3 mm, exterior puberulent, margins ciliate; disk urceolate, margin undulate; ovary subglobose, ca. 2.5 mm, densely pubescent; styles 3, ca. 3 mm, bipartite; stigmas densely fimbriate. Capsule subglobose, 1-1.2 cm in diam., densely tawny bristly, 3-valved. Seeds subovoid, ca. 5 mm, black, smooth; arils fleshy, bifid, ca. 2 mm. Fl. Oct-Dec, fr. following Jan-Mar.
A shrub 1-5 m tall or a tree 45 m tall. The leaves are alternate and simple. The leaf blades are 4-18 cm long by 2-8 cm wide. The flowers are greenish-yellow. They are 3 mm across. The fruit are 1-2 cm across. They are yellow but turn reddish-brown as they ripen. The seeds are black with a small fleshy layer (aril) around them.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 45.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Often common, but scattered in (hilly) primary and secondary lowland forest, mixed dipterocarp forest, coastal peat-swamp forest, seasonally swampy forest, Schima-bamboo forest, along beaches and river banks, and in submontane scrubs.
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A tropical plant. It grows in dense forests in tropical Asia. It grows from sea level to 500 m altitude. In Yunnan.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 1-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses In NE Malaysia (Kelantan and Trengganu) the young leaves are cooked and eaten as spinach or chopped up with rice (Corner 1940). The wood is used as a non-construction timber by the Iban, Sarawak, Borneo (Jarvie & Perumal 1994), for building purposes in Ceylon (Gamble 1902), and for sampans and columns in Indochina (Gagnepain 1926). The wood is said to be light red, moderately hard, close-grained, pores small, scanty, in short radial lines, medullary rays very fine, very numerous, narrow wavy concentric bands fairly regular and prominent (Gamble 1902, Welzen 1998).
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The young leaves are eaten as a vegetable.
Uses material medicinal timber wood
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Chaetocarpus castanocarpus world distribution map, present in Andorra, Bangladesh, China, Indonesia, India, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Chaetocarpus castanocarpus threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:340504-1
WFO ID wfo-0000836079
COL ID 5XNHK
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Chaetocarpus castanocarpus Adelia castanocarpa Regnaldia clutioides Chaetocarpus pungens Regnaldia myrtioides