Chamaemelum nobile All.

Roman chamomile (en), Camomille romaine (fr), Camomille noble (fr), Orménide noble (fr), Chamémèle noble (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Chamaemelum

Characteristics

Sweetly aromatic, creeping, perennial herb. Stems decumbent to ascending, to c. 20 cm tall, striate, moderately to densely hairy, much-branched from base. Basal and lower cauline lvs apetiolate, obovate, sparsely to moderately hairy, 3-pinnatisect, 15-50 × 5-15 mm; ultimate segments narrow-linear to subulate, entire, not all in one plane giving a feathery appearance; cauline lvs few, smaller than basal, oblong and becoming 1-pinnatisect. Involucral bracts sparsely hairy, 2-5 mm long; margins pale, membranous, often with an extended membranous flap at apex. Capitula solitary, c. 8-20-(30) mm diam.; ray florets 13-20, ♀; ligules white; disc florets numerous, yellow. Receptacle scales elliptic-oblong, obtuse and often irregular at apex. Achenes 1.1-1.2 mm long, narrow-obovoid, narrowed to apex, brown, with 1-4 narrow ribs on inner surface.
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Perennials, 10–20(–30) cm across. Stems mostly prostrate (much branched, often forming mats), ± strigoso-sericeous to villous. Leaves sessile; blades oblong, 1–3(–5) cm, 2–3-pinnately lobed. Involucres 4–6 × 7–10+ mm. Phyllaries: margins and apices greenish or lacking pigment, abaxial faces ± villous. Paleae 3–4+ mm, margins greenish or lacking pigment. Ray florets usually 13–21+, rarely 0; laminae 7–10+ mm. Disc corollas 2–3 mm. Cypselae 1–1.5 mm. 2n = 18.
Ascending perennial herbs to c. 30 cm high, rhizomatous, odorous on crushing, usually sparsely hairy on stems and leaves. Leaves to c. 5 cm long; primary segments mostly 6–10 per side, arising along entire length of leaf, markedly larger in distal half; rachis
A herb. It lies along the ground. It is spreading with fine feathery leaves. The flowers occur in single heads on the stems and are daisy like.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 0.2 - 0.4
Mature height (meter) 0.15 - 0.3
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a Mediterranean climate plant. It grows in sandy and slightly acidic soils. It suits hardiness zones 6-9.
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Sandy commons, pastures and grassy roadsides.
Grows in roadsides, waste areas and lawns.
Light 5-9
Soil humidity 2-6
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 4-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-8

Usage

Used horticulturally as a herb and in lawns and used medicinally and in beverages.
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The flowers are used for herbal teas and for making liqueur.
Uses dye environmental use essential oil food material medicinal ornamental tea
Edible flowers leaves
Therapeutic use Abortifacient (flower), Sedative (flower), Anti-bacterial agents (flower), Antifungal agents (flower), Antirheumatic agents (flower), Contusions (flower), Emetics (flower), Flatulence (flower), Hair dyes (flower), General tonic for rejuvenation (flower), Wounds and injuries (flower), Antiemetic (unspecified), Dermatological Aid (unspecified), Gastrointestinal Aid (unspecified), Pediatric Aid (unspecified), Anodyne (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Carminative (unspecified), Cordial (unspecified), Digestive (unspecified), Hair-Dye (unspecified), Nervine (unspecified), Spasm (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Stomachic (unspecified), Sudorific (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Antiseptic (unspecified), Debility (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Emetic (unspecified), Toothache (unspecified), Colic (unspecified), Hysteria (unspecified), Anti-infective agents, local (unspecified), Appetite stimulants (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Flatulence (unspecified), General tonic for rejuvenation (unspecified), Skin care (unspecified), Wound healing (unspecified), Appetite stimulants (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings, divisions or seedlings.
Mode cuttings divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) 20
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -35
Optimum temperature (C°) 15 - 26
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Chamaemelum nobile habit picture by Thierry LE COM (cc-by-sa)
Chamaemelum nobile habit picture by Prieta Javier (cc-by-sa)
Chamaemelum nobile habit picture by Ureña David (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Chamaemelum nobile leaf picture by Martin Rollet VDT PROD (cc-by-sa)
Chamaemelum nobile leaf picture by Thierry LE COM (cc-by-sa)
Chamaemelum nobile leaf picture by Kymberly Strong (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Chamaemelum nobile flower picture by Tarmorin (cc-by-sa)
Chamaemelum nobile flower picture by Lucia Martínez (cc-by-sa)
Chamaemelum nobile flower picture by Jesus Alonso (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Chamaemelum nobile fruit picture by John Thompson (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Chamaemelum nobile world distribution map, present in Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Switzerland, Colombia, Cuba, Germany, Algeria, Spain, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Italy, Morocco, Moldova (Republic of), New Zealand, Pakistan, Poland, Puerto Rico, Portugal, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Tunisia, Ukraine, and United States of America

Conservation status

Chamaemelum nobile threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:192489-1
WFO ID wfo-0000014359
COL ID TKFW
BDTFX ID 16476
INPN ID 90470
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Anthemis nobilis Chamomilla nobilis Anacyclus aureus Ormenis nobilis Chamaemelum nobile f. discoideum Chamaemelum nobile f. nobile Anthemis santolinoides Ormenis nobilis var. nobilis Chamaemelum nobile var. nobile Chamaemelum nobile var. discoideum Ormenis nobilis subsp. aurea Chamaemelum nobile