Chasmanthe aethiopica (L.) N.E.Br.

Cobra lily (en), Chasmanthe lis-de-cobra (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asparagales > Iridaceae > Chasmanthe

Characteristics

Plants 400-650 mm high. Corm depressed-globose, 30-45 mm diam.; tunics papery to fibrous. Stem unbranched. Leaves several in a basal fan, sword-shaped, medium-textured, with prominent main vein, mostly 12-20 mm wide. Spike arching outward to almost horizontal, 10-to 16-flowered, flowers borne on upper side of axis; bracts green or flushed red on margins or entirely, 8-12(-15) mm long, inner minutely forked at tip. Flowers facing to side or toward base of spike, bright orange to scarlet, tube often yellowish on underside, unscented; perianth tube trumpet-shaped, slender below for (5-)7-10(-15) mm, twisted through 360°, abruptly expanded into a wide, cylindric upper part 16-25 mm long, lightly 3-pouched at base, arching outward; tepals unequal, dorsal largest, (22-)25-35 x 7-10 mm, spathulate, spooned distally, upper and lower lateral tepals mostly 10-15 mm long, spreading or half-reflexed, lowermost smallest, directed ± forward. Filaments arching under dorsal tepal, 40-50 mm long, median one 3-4 mm longer; anthers 5-7 mm long, median reaching ± to apex of dorsal tepal, light purple; pollen purple. Style horizontal, dividing opposite upper 1/3 of anthers, often ultimately exceeding them, branches 4-5 mm long. Capsules ovoid to barrel-shaped, 3-lobed, smooth, dark red to purple-black inside on opening. Seeds up to 3 per locule, more often 1 or 2 (3 to 9 per capsule), globose, initially 6-7 mm diam., bright orange, coat fleshy and smooth, becoming wrinkled on drying and 5-6 mm diam.
More
Perennial herb, geophyte, 0.25-0.60 m high; corm depressed-globose or disc-shaped, with papery or fibrous tunics; stem simple. Leaves mainly basal, ensiform, with prominent midrib. Bracts green or flushed-red; inner bidentate. Inflorescence a (sub)secund spike; flowers bright orange to scarlet; trumpet-shaped; tube truncate, 3-pouched at base, arching outwards, spirally twisted in lower 1/3; lobes unequal, spathulate, spreading or half-reflexed. Stamens inserted, one slightly longer than other two; filaments arching under dorsal tepal; anthers light blue; pollen purple. Ovary ellipsoid; style arching behind filaments, stigma minute. Flowering time May-Oct. Capsule ovoid, 3-lobed, smooth, dark red to purple-black inside.
A corm or bulb plant. It grows 40-65 cm tall. It has papery coatings over the corm. The stems are unbranched. The leaves are sword shaped. The flowers are in a spike that lies sideways.
Cormous geophyte, 40-65 cm, corm tunics papery, stems unbranched. Leaves sword-shaped. Flowers in a ± horizontal, secund spike, tube flaring abruptly and almost pouched below, orange.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.1 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.5 - 0.85
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a subtropical plant.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 5-7
Soil texture 4-5
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

The corm or bulb is eaten as a snack and also cooked as a vegetable.
Uses material
Edible bulbs roots
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -7
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Chasmanthe aethiopica habit picture by Monteiro Henrique (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Chasmanthe aethiopica leaf picture by Monteiro Henrique (cc-by-sa)
Chasmanthe aethiopica leaf picture by Radbout Timmer (cc-by-sa)
Chasmanthe aethiopica leaf picture by Monteiro Henrique (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Chasmanthe aethiopica flower picture by Costin Cimena (cc-by-sa)
Chasmanthe aethiopica flower picture by Emrique Gómezcano (cc-by-sa)
Chasmanthe aethiopica flower picture by maestro Gian Nicola (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Chasmanthe aethiopica fruit picture by Monteiro Henrique (cc-by-sa)
Chasmanthe aethiopica fruit picture by Monteiro Henrique (cc-by-sa)
Chasmanthe aethiopica fruit picture by Monteiro Henrique (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Chasmanthe aethiopica world distribution map, present in Spain, Portugal, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:436372-1
WFO ID wfo-0000788429
COL ID TPZY
BDTFX ID 75749
INPN ID 90570
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Chasmanthe aethiopica Chasmanthe peglerae Petamenes peglerae Antholyza aethiopica Antholyza immarginata Gladiolus aethiopicus Petamenes vittigera Antholyza ringens Antholyza vittigera Gladiolus stoloniferus Petamenes aethiopica Petamenes aethiopica Petamenes peglerae Petamenes vittigera Antholyza aethiopica var. immarginata Antholyza aethiopica var. ringens Antholyza aethiopica var. vittigera Chasmanthe vittigera