Chenopodium bonus-henricus L.

Good-king-henry (en), Chénopode bon-henri (fr), Chénopode bon Henri (fr), Épinard sauvage (fr), Blette bon Henri (fr), Chénopode du bon Henri (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Caryophyllales > Amaranthaceae > Chenopodium

Characteristics

Perennial herb, non-aromatic, with stout creeping rootstock, sometimes forming clumps, farinose, at least when young, eglandular. Stems erect, to c. 40 cm tall, puberulent. Petioles sparsely puberulent, on lower lvs to c. 15 cm long, on upper lvs mostly 0.5-6 cm long; lamina of basal and lower cauline lvs 4-12 × 3.5-11 cm, broad-triangular, or triangular-hastate, entire but sinuate, often with a basal lobe on either side, deep green, farinose at first, puberulent on midrib and main veins beneath; base cuneate, truncate or broadly and shallowly cordate; apex acute to acuminate; upper cauline lvs rhombic; lvs at base of infl. smaller. Infls mostly terminal, 8-15 cm long, dense, narrow-pyramidal or cylindric, farinose; glomerules many-flowered, discrete below. Perianth segments united at base, 0.7-1 mm long, ± valvate, not keeled but with dark green central band outside. Fr. exserted from perianth segments; pericarp fairly easily removed. Seed vertical, 1.2-2 mm diam., subglobose to reniform; margin obtuse; testa dark brown, rather rough, dull.
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Erect or ascending, thick-rooted perennial to 7 dm; lvs numerous, long-petioled, broadly triangular-hastate, to 12 cm, entire or undulate; fls in small glomerules aggregated into a terminal, branching, paniculiform infl; sep mostly 4 or 5, erose; styles 2(3), persistent and conspicuous, 1–1.5 mm in fr; seeds all or mostly erect, black, shining, lenticular with a raised margin, 1.5–2 mm wide; 2n=36. Native of Europe, occasionally found as a weed in our range.
A perennial plant. It grows up to 60-100 cm tall. It spreads to 60 cm wide. The roots are fleshy and thick. The stem is hollow. It has triangular shaped leaves. They are deep green. They are 10 cm long. The flower spikes do not have leaflets. The flowers are greenish in spikes at the top of the plant. The seeds are rust coloured.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination anemogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 0.3 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.3 - 0.5
Root system creeping-root tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It will grow on a range of soils. It is resistant to drought and frost. In Hobart Botanical gardens. It suits hardiness zones 5-10.
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Rich pastures, farmyards, roadsides etc.
Light 4-8
Soil humidity 5-7
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-8

Usage

The young leaves are eaten as a potherb. The young shoots can be cut under the ground and peeled and used as an asparagus substitute. The tender flower clusters are eaten. The seeds can also be eaten and sprinkled on bread and cakes.
Uses dye food gene source leaf vegetable medicinal potherb
Edible flowers leaves roots saps seeds shoots
Therapeutic use Depurative (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Phthisis (unspecified), Tumor(Uterus) (unspecified), Scrofula (unspecified)
Human toxicity toxic (seed), toxic (leaf)
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be grown by seed.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -29
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Chenopodium bonus-henricus unspecified picture

Distribution

Chenopodium bonus-henricus world distribution map, present in Canada, France, New Zealand, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:303195-2
WFO ID wfo-0000601122
COL ID 69QQ4
BDTFX ID 16777
INPN ID 90697
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Agathophytum bonus-henricus Chenopodium spinacifolium Atriplex bonus-henricus Blitum bonus-henricus Blitum perenne Chenopodium bonus-henricus Chenopodium hastatum Orthosporum bonus-henricus Chenopodium triangulare Chenopodium ruderale Chenopodium sagittatum Anserina bonus-henricus Orthospermum bonus-henricus Agatophyton bonus-henricus Chenopodium ruderale Chenopodium triangularifolia Blitum bonus-henricus var. alpinum Blitum bonus-henricus var. erosum Chenopodium bonus-henricus var. alpinum