Chenopodium giganteum D.Don

Chénopode blanc (fr), Senousse (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Caryophyllales > Amaranthaceae > Chenopodium

Characteristics

Herbs annual, large, to 3 m tall. Stem erect, much branched above, stout, reddish green or reddish purple striate, ribbed, base to 5 cm in diam. Leaf blade abaxially light green, adaxially dark green, rhombic to ovate, to 20 × 16 cm, 1.5-2 × as long as petiole, abaxially farinose or glabrescent, adaxially not farinose, base broadly cuneate, margin irregularly undulate serrate, apex usually obtuse; upper leaf blades gradually becoming smaller, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, reddish or golden yellow vesicular hairy when young, margin serrate or entire. Inflorescence of large, terminal panicles, farinose, usually pendulous in fruit. Flowers bisexual, several per glomerule or solitary. Perianth segments 5, green or dark purple, ovate, margin membranous. Stamens 5. Utricle lenticular; pericarp membranous. Seed horizontal, black or red-black, ca. 1.5 mm in diam., reticulate lineate, rim margin obtuse. Fl. Aug, fr. Sep-Oct.
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Erect annual herb to c. 1 m tall, non-aromatic, eglandular; young parts farinose with the vesicular hairs light violet-purple, becoming efarinose. Petiole to 9 cm long, often purple; lamina 1-3× petiole, 4-11-(16) × 4-11-(12) cm, broadly triangular, sometimes almost rhombic, coarsely and irregularly dentate; teeth acute; base broad-cuneate to truncate; apex obtuse, mucronate, or ± acute; infl. lvs smaller, ± oblong-ovate. Infls paniculate, with terminal and axillary branches; glomerules rather small, globular, few-flowered, strongly farinose. Perianth segments 0.5-1.1 mm long, broad and imbricate, green or purplish on back with broad dorsal hyaline margin, keeled, fused for nearly 1/2 length. Fr. invested by perianth; pericarp easily removed. Seed horizontal, mostly 1.2-1.4 mm diam., circular, compressed; margin obtuse; testa glossy black, very faintly striated.
Annual herb, up to 2 m high. Stems erect; young shoots and young leaves suffused purplish pink. Leaves petiolate; blade broadly ovate to rhomboid, up to 200 x 160 mm, usually > 45 mm wide, with many, ± shallow teeth, surfaces with mealy, vesicular hairs. Flowers: in a terminal panicle of many, spicately arranged flower clusters; green or reddish; Jan.-Mar. Seeds bluntly keeled, surface black, shining.
Leaves (of inferior and middle parts of stem and branches) broadly rhombic-ovate, large, (5) 10–18 × (4.5) 10–16 cm., broadly cuneate-attenuate at base, rounded at apex; margins with about 15–30 shallow irregular teeth or lobes on each side, lowermost teeth or lobes not especially prominent; upper leaves and bracts becoming smaller narrower and subacute to acute at apex.
Pericarp somewhat persistent, but easily rubbed or scraped off. Seeds black, shining, about 1–1.2 mm. in diam., bluntly keeled; testa (seen under microscope) marked with numerous irregular spaced radial furrows and with minor irregularities on surface between furrows, but giving a generally smoothish appearance.
A large annual herb. It grows up to 3 m tall. It spreads to 90 cm wide. The leaves are triangle shaped. The leaves are 15 cm long. The shoots are much branched. They have a purple tip. The flower clusters are purple. The seeds are 1.5 mm across and black.
Annual herb closely related to C. album, c. 1–3 m. high, erect, much branched, with young shoots suffused with a conspicuous vivid amaranth-purple, and densely clothed with mealy vesicular hairs; stems red-striped.
Erect annual herb, up to 2 m high. Leaves broadly ovate to rhomboid, usually wider than 45 mm, with numerous ± shallow teeth. Flowers in a terminal panicle. Flowers green.
Inflorescence an ample panicle of very numerous small spicately arranged flower-clusters (“glomerules”) 2–3 mm. in diam.; flowers green or reddish, 0.75–1.5 mm. in diam.
Perianth segments 5, papillose with grey-mealy hairs outside, each with a prominent green keel in upper part.
Stamens 5.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination anemogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 0.1 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 2.0 - 2.4
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a warm temperate plant. It is native to northern India. It suits hardiness zones 8-11.
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Weed infested places.
Weed infested places.
Light 5-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 3-5
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-8

Usage

The leaves are used as a potherb. The young leaves are fried.
Uses cooking dye environmental use fodder food gene source material medicinal ornamental potherb
Edible leaves saps seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 14 - 49
Germination temperacture (C°) 21
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -29
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Chenopodium giganteum leaf picture by bourquin camille (cc-by-sa)
Chenopodium giganteum leaf picture by Gary Minns (cc-by-sa)
Chenopodium giganteum leaf picture by Serge Beuchat (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Chenopodium giganteum world distribution map, present in Argentina, China, Cuba, Algeria, Spain, France, Greece, Croatia, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Italy, Japan, Libya, Morocco, Madagascar, Malta, Nepal, New Zealand, Philippines, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Slovakia, eSwatini, Tunisia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:164949-1
WFO ID wfo-0000601305
COL ID TXDF
BDTFX ID 16809
INPN ID 90729
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Chenopodium amaranticolor Chenopodium punctulatum Chenopodium atriplicis Chenopodium centrorubrum Chenopodium mairei Chenopodium purpurascens Chenopodium bonariense Chenopodium elegantissimum Chenopodium leucospermum Chenopodium rubricaule Chenopodium album subsp. amaranthicolor Chenopodium album var. centrorubrum Chenopodium album var. purpurascens Chenopodium giganteum