Chenopodium opulifolium Schrad. ex W.D.J.Koch & Ziz

Seaport goosefoot (en), Chénopode à feuilles d'obier (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Caryophyllales > Amaranthaceae > Chenopodium

Characteristics

Herb up to 60–150 (–300) cm. high, annual or apparently sometimes a short-lived perennial which may become woody below, normally very much branched, green to almost white, rarely red-tinged, grey-mealy, sometimes densely so on young shoots, inflorescences and undersides of leaves.. Leaves variable, mostly broadly and shortly rhombic-ovate, the median and lower almost as broad as long, from about (0.7 x 0.4 cm.–) 1 x 0.7–1 cm. to 3.7 x 2.8–3.7 cm. and 5.4 x 5.4 cm., in the lower third or about the middle normally with a short prominent often bilobed divergent lateral lobe each side, the margins above this lobe entire or with up to several teeth, apex of leaf rounded or acute; in African specimens the lobes not uncommonly less prominent or even the leaves subentire; upper leaves smaller and more acute.. Inflorescence a panicle, usually ample, of very numerous small densely or laxly spicately or rarely cymosely arranged dense rounded clusters (“glomerules”) of minute grey to greenish flowers, latter 1–1.5 mm. in diameter.. Sepals 5, papillose on margins and outside, each with a prominent green keel in upper part.. Stamens 5.. Pericarp somewhat persistent, but readily scraped off seed.. Seeds (Fig. 2/2, p. 3) black, shining, 1.1–1.5 mm. in diameter, bluntly keeled, testa under microscope marked with radial furrows and minute irregular papillose roughening in between.
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Erect, branched annual 0.5-3 m tall, farinose, at least when young and on lower surface of lvs, non-aromatic. Petiole 1-2× lamina, slender; lamina on flowering branches to 3 × 2 cm, broad-ovate, rhombic-ovate, slightly 3-lobed at base, green above, grey-farinose below, irregularly serrate-dentate; base ± cuneate; apex often obtuse; upper lvs narrower, entire. Infls narrow-paniculate, terminal and axillary, grey-farinose, leafless in uppermost part; glomerules small, c. 3 mm diam., very numerous and densely arranged. Perianth segments 0.5-1 mm long at anthesis, accrescent, somewhat imbricate; keel ± obtuse, green; margin broadly hyaline. Fr. almost completely invested by perianth; pericarp easily removed. Seed horizontal, 1.1-1.3 mm diam., circular, flattened; margin obtuse; testa glossy black, with rather faint longitudinal striations.
Annual herb (short-lived perennial, with stems becoming woody below, closely related to C. album), 0.3-1.5 m high, erect, much branched, green, ± clothed with grey-mealy hairs. Leaves variable, 7-54 x 4-54 mm, margins with up to 10 shallow teeth or lobes on each side, lowermost lobes more prominent, divergent, base concave, apex rounded to acute. Inflorescences ample panicles of many small, dense, rounded clusters, with minute grey to greenish flowers. Perianth: segments 5, papillose with grey-mealy hairs on margins and outside. Pericarp persistent, readily scraped from seeds. Seeds black, shining.
Leaves variable, mostly broadly and shortly rhombic-ovate, the median and lower almost as broad as long, c. 0.7–5.4 × 0.4–5.4 cm., leaf margins usually with up to about 10 mostly shallow teeth or lobes on each side, often the lowermost teeth or lobes more prominent divergent and often bilobed; sometimes margins entire or nearly so and leaves elliptic especially (it seems) if plants perennate; apex of leaf rounded to acute.
Annual herb (or ? sometimes a short-lived perennial with stems becoming woody below), closely related to C. album, up to 0.6–1.5 (3) m. high, erect, normally much branched, green to almost white, rarely red-tinged, more or less clothed with mealy vesicular hairs, sometimes densely so on young shoots inflorescences and undersides of leaves.
Pericarp somewhat persistent, but readily scraped off seed. Seeds black, shining, subcircular, 1.0–1.5 mm. in diam. bluntly keeled; testa (seen under microscope) marked with numerous spaced radial furrows and minute papillose roughening in between.
Inflorescence a usually ample panicle of very numerous small densely or laxly spicately or rarely cymosely arranged dense rounded clusters (“glomerules”) of minute grey to greenish flowers, the latter 1–1.5 mm. in diam.
An annual herb. It grows 3 m high. The leaves have a mealy covering. The leaf blade is 15-20 mm long. They are oval and can have almost square lobes. The seeds are black and shiny. They are 1.5 mm across.
Very similar to Chenopodium album, differing in having long petiolate 3-lobed rhombic leaves 2–3 cm long and wide, prominently mealy below, and in having keeled, prominently mealy tepals.
Erect herb, up to 1 m high. Leaves rhombic-ovate, almost as wide as long, usually with prominent lobe on each side, toothed, farinose. Flowers in grey-farinose panicles. Flowers green.
Perianth-segments 5, papillose with grey-mealy hairs on margins and outside, each segment with a prominent green keel in upper part.
Stamens 5.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.75 - 0.8
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A not infrequent alien in waste places, mainly in S. England. A weed of cultivation, roadsides, waste places; at elevations from 760-2,300 metres.
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A not infrequent alien in waste places, mainly in S. England. A weed of cultivation, roadsides, waste places; at elevations from 760-2,300 metres.
It grows in temperate and tropical places. It grows between 760-2,300 m above sea level. It can grow in arid places.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-7
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-8

Usage

The young leaves are cooked and eaten as a vegetable. They are mixed with other vegetables. They are also used as a relish. Salt can be made from the plant.
Uses animal food dye food food additive gene source medicinal social use
Edible leaves saps seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can easily be grown by seed.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -29
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Chenopodium opulifolium unspecified picture

Distribution

Chenopodium opulifolium world distribution map, present in Angola, Anguilla, Albania, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Canada, Switzerland, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Algeria, Eritrea, Spain, Estonia, Ethiopia, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Gibraltar, Greece, Croatia, Hungary, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lebanon, Liberia, Latvia, Morocco, Mexico, North Macedonia, Malta, Montenegro, Mozambique, Mauritius, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Réunion, Romania, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Somalia, Serbia, South Sudan, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, eSwatini, Syrian Arab Republic, Turkmenistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Ukraine, United States of America, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60447126-2
WFO ID wfo-0000601580
COL ID TXHJ
BDTFX ID 16856
INPN ID 90776
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Chenopodium album f. viride Chenopodium opulifolium Chenopodium erosum Chenopodium triangulare Anserina opulifolia Chenopodium ugandae Chenopodium opulifolium subsp. orientale Chenopodium opulifolium subsp. ugandae Chenopodium album subsp. opulifolium Chenopodium album var. opulifolium