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Herbs 40-110 cm tall, perennial, with a strong taproot. Stem usually solitary, erect; branches spreading-ascending, subglabrous. Basal leaves rosulate, obovate to oblanceolate, 15-34 × 2-4 cm, attenuate into a petiole-like basal portion, undivided to usually runcinately pinnatipartite, sparsely covered with long multicellular hairs, base attenuate, margin dentate; lateral lobes 3-6 pairs, triangular; terminal lobe distinctly larger than lateral ones, apex rounded to acute. Stem leaves similar to basal leaves but smaller and less divided, gradually reduced toward stem apex, base clasping, apex acute. Synflorescence of main axis and larger branches spiciform-paniculiform. Capitula axillary and terminal, solitary or in clusters of a few, sessile or on a several cm long, thick, and apically slightly inflated peduncle, with usually 15-20 florets. Involucre cylindric, 0.9-1.4 cm. Phyllaries abaxially sparsely with glandular or simple hairs, apex ± acute; outer phyllaries lanceolate, longest > 1/2 as long as to approaching inner ones in length, spreading-erect, margin ciliate; inner phyllaries linear-lanceolate. Florets blue or exceptionally pink or bluish white. Achene brown, subcylindric to obovoid, 2-3 mm, stout, rugulose, apex truncate. Pappus (0.1-)0.2-0.3 mm. Fl. May-Oct. 2n = 18.
Perennial rosette herb. Stems erect, branched above, finely ribbed, with short crisped hairs or glabrous, 40-120 cm tall. Lvs with crisped hairs at least on midrib beneath, ciliolate on margin. Rosette and lower stem lvs petiolate, oblanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate, rarely elliptic, simple and toothed to shallowly to ± deeply pinnatifid, 10-30 × (1)-2-7-(15) cm; margin dentate. Upper lvs sessile, becoming less lobed, lanceolate with amplexicaul base, distantly toothed, smaller than lower lvs. Capitula in sessile clusters or terminal on short peduncles 2-6-(12) cm long and 1.5-2 mm thick. Involucre (8)-11-13 mm long; bracts with sparse long glandular hairs or glabrous, erecto-patent, enclosing achenes tightly at fruiting. Florets few; corolla usually blue, rarely white, c. 2× length of involucre; tube much < ligule. Achenes angular-obconic, flat at apex, glabrous, pale or mottled, smooth or very finely rugulose, (2)-2.5-3 mm long; pappus scales 0.1-0.3 mm long.
Perennials to c. 2 m high, becoming much-branched, with short spreading eglandular hairs on stems and leaves, becoming glabrous. Basal leaves with l:w ratio (1–) 3–8, divided or not, entire, denticulate or dentate; divided leaves with up to 6 retrorse segments per side; cauline leaves several, mostly undivided, becoming slightly stem-clasping at base. Capitula numerous, with single capitula on a stout peduncle, or groups of 2 or 3 ±sessile capitula; involucre 9–12 mm long, 2–4 mm diam.; bracts glabrous, or with a few gland-tipped hairs or setae; outer bracts c. 6, ovate to narrowly ovate, 4–6 mm long, with pale oval region proximally; inner bracts erect and firm at maturity; receptacle c. 3–4 mm diam. Florets: ligule c. 15–25 mm long, blue or rarely white; style hairs pale. Achenes angular-obconical, 2–3 mm long, with ribs undeveloped, brown, sometimes mottled. Pappus 0.2–0.3 mm long, white.
Perennial 3–17 dm from a long taproot; lower lvs oblanceolate, petiolate, toothed or more often pinnatifid, 8–25 × 1–7 cm, becoming reduced, sessile, and entire or merely toothed upwards; heads to 4 cm wide in fl, mainly matutinal, sessile or short-pedunculate, borne 1–3 together in the axils of the much reduced upper lvs, the long branches thus racemiform; invol 9–15 mm, its outer bracts loose, fewer than the inner and at least half as long, becoming callous-thickened at base; achenes 2–3 mm, pappus-scales numerous, minute, narrow; 2n=18. Roadsides, fields, and waste places; native of Europe, now a cosmopolitan weed. June–Oct.
A perennial herb up to 1 m high. It forms clumps. It has white, milky sap when parts are broken off. Kinds have been selected either for their fattened edible roots or for their edible leaves. The plant has a large taproot. The leaves are sword shaped and have teeth along the edge. The leaves form a cluster around the base of the plant. They can be 12 cm long. The leaves up the stem clasp the stem. The highest leaves are reduced to bracts. It has a bright blue, pink or white flowers on a branched stem. The flowers are dandelion-like. The flower heads can be 3.5 cm across. Several cultivated varieties have been produced.
Phyllaries 2-seriate, coriaceous, glandular-ciliate on the margins and midrib, or glabrous; outer phyllaries up to 8 mm. long, narrowly ovate, patelliform-thickened below, apices acute becoming recurved; inner phyllaries up to 11(14) mm. long, lanceolate, erect, apically pubescent Corollas c. 18 mm. long; the lower portion c. 2 mm. long, cylindric, pubescent or pilose-hairy above; ligule c. 16 mm. long, widening to c. 4 mm. at about the middle, lorate, right blue rarely pink or white, pubescent or glabrous outside, densely pubescent on the apical lobes, ligules spreading.
Blue sailors, chicory, coffee weed, succory; sigorei, tjiekoriebos(sie), witloof (A) Perennial erect, divaricately branched herb, with milky latex, up to 1.2 m high. Leaves basal ones large, irregularly lobed and toothed, semi-amplexicaul; cauline leaves smaller, dentate to entire, amplexicaul. Capitula discoid, ligulate, solitary or in few-headed clusters, sessile in axils of upper leaves. Corolla sky-blue, rarely pink or white. Flowering time Nov.-May. Pappus of small scales. Cypselae obconic, obscurely 5 angled.
Perennials (sometimes flowering first year). Leaves: blades of basal 5–35+ × 1–8(–12+) cm; cauline similar, smaller, narrower, distal mostly linear. Peduncles mostly 0–2 mm, some narrowly clavate, 12–45(–85+) mm. Phyllaries: outer 5–6 lance-ovate to lanceolate, 4–7 mm, basally cartilaginous, distally herbaceous, inner 8+ lance-linear to linear, 6–12 mm, herbaceous, all usually with some gland-tipped hairs 0.5–0.8 mm on margins near bases or on abaxial faces toward tips. Cypselae 2–3 mm; pappi 0.01–0.2 mm. 2n = 18.
Robust perennial with divaricate branches, up to 1.2 m tall. Leaves mainly in a basal rosette, large and irregularly lobed or toothed, with stem leaves smaller and clasping. Flowerheads subsessile, solitary or in clusters in axils of upper leaves forming false-spikes, ligulate, pale blue (rarely white or pink), 25-30 mm diam.; involucral bracts in 2 unequal rows.
Basal leaves 7–30 x 1–12 cm., oblanceolate in outline, runcinate-pinnatifid, obtuse-acute at the apex, semi-amplexicaul below, dentate to remotely denticulate on the margins, hispid or pilose to glabrescent; cauline leaves smaller, mostly oblong-lanceolate and undivided, sessile and amplexicaul, dentate to entire, hispid or glabrescent.
Capitula 2.5–3 cm. in diam. measured across the expanded ligules, 2–4 sessile in axillary clusters on the usually very long ± flexuous patent-ascending branches, the clusters subtended by large foliaceous bracts, or capitula solitary and terminal on apically thickened stalks up to c. 9(14) cm. long.
Perennial herb, up to 1.2 m high. Basal leaves large, irregularly lobed and toothed; stem leaves smaller, amplexicaul. Heads solitary or in few-headed clusters, sessile in axils of upper leaves. Achenes obscurely 5-angled. Pappus of small scales. Flowers sky-blue, rarely pink or white.
Achenes c. 2.5 mm. long, obconic, truncate above, somewhat 5-angled, rugose-scabridulous; pappus several-seriate of numerous persistent short scales up to c. one quarter of the length of the achene.
Stems annual, usually divaricately branched above, striate, densely hispid-setose to glabrescent.
A stiffly erect ± robust perennial herb up to c. 120 cm. tall, from a long stout taproot.
Might be encountered but has so far never been collected in our area.
Involucres to c. 11(14) mm. long, cylindric.
