Cinnamomum parthenoxylon (Jack) Meisn.

Saffrol laurel (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Laurales > Lauraceae > Cinnamomum

Characteristics

Evergreen trees; trunk straight, 10-20 m tall, up to 40 cm d.b.h. Bark dark green-brown, gray-yellow on upper part, longitudinally deeply fissured, peeling off in lamellae, 3-5 mm thick, reddish inside, camphor-scented. Branchlets green-brown, robust, terete; young branchlets gray-green, angled, glabrous. Buds ovoid; bud scales suborbicular, sericeous. Leaves alternate; petiole 1.5-3 cm, concave-convex, glabrous; leaf blade greenish or glaucous green abaxially, dark green and shiny adaxially, usually elliptic-ovate or narrowly elliptic-ovate, 6-12 × 3-6 cm, those on fertile branchlets smaller, leathery, glabrous on both surfaces, pinninerved, lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs, lateral veins and midrib conspicuous on both surfaces, axils of lateral veins inconspicuously dome-shaped abaxially and inconspicuously bullate adaxially, transverse veins and veinlets reticulate, base cuneate or broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex usually acute or shortly acuminate. Panicle axillary on upper part of branchlet or subterminal, 4.5-8 cm; peduncle 3-5.5 cm, peduncle and rachis glabrous. Pedicels slender, up to 4 mm, glabrous. Flowers green-yellow, small, ca. 3 mm. Perianth glabrous outside, pubescent inside; perianth tube obconical, ca. 1 mm; perianth lobes narrowly elliptic, ca. 2 × 1.2 mm, punctate, obtuse. Fertile stamens 9, ca. 1.5 mm (of 1st and 2nd whorls) or ca. 1.7 mm (of 3rd whorl); filaments pubescent, those of 3rd whorl each with 2 shortly stalked subcordate glands, others glandless; anthers ovate or oblong, ca. 0.7 mm, all 4-celled. Staminodes 3, triangular-cordate, including stalk less than 1 mm; stalk pubescent. Ovary ovoid, ca. 1 mm, glabrous; style curved, ca. 1 mm; stigma discoid, inconspicuously 3-lobed. Fruit black, globose, 6-8 mm in diam.; perianth cup in fruit red, narrowly obconical, ca. 1 cm or less, longitudinally striate, base ca. 1 mm wide. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Apr-Oct.
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A tree. It grows 35 m tall. The bark is grey to brown. The leaves are alternate and simple. They are shiny and oval and 7-10 cm long. The flowers are 4 mm across. They are in clusters. The fruit are 1 cm wide. They are grey-green and fleshy.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 20.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) 0.4
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A mid-canopy tree in undisturbed to disturbed mixed dipterocarp and sub-montane forests; usually on hillsides and ridges with sandy to clay soils, but also on ultrabasic and limestone; at elevations up to 1,700 metres.
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A mid-canopy tree in undisturbed to disturbed mixed dipterocarp and sub-montane forests; usually on hillsides and ridges with sandy to clay soils, but also on ultrabasic and limestone; at elevations up to 1,700 metres.
It is a tropical plant. It grows up to 1,700 m above sea level. In Sichuan and Yunnan.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

The bark and leaves and fruit are used as a spice.
Uses construction essential oil food material medicinal spice timber wood
Edible barks fruits leaves
Therapeutic use Antirheumatic agents (fruit), Flatulence (leaf), General tonic for rejuvenation (leaf), Rheumatism (unspecified), Tonic (for pubic girls) (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Cinnamomum parthenoxylon unspecified picture

Distribution

Cinnamomum parthenoxylon world distribution map, present in China, Indonesia, India, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Viet Nam, and South Africa

Conservation status

Cinnamomum parthenoxylon threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:463600-1
WFO ID wfo-0000605312
COL ID 5Z7C9
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Laurus porrecta Sassafras loureiroi Laurus pruinosa Camphora inuncta Cinnamomum malaccense Cinnamomum pseudosassafras Parthenoxylon porrectum Sassafras parthenoxylon Cinnamomum penninervium Camphora inodora Camphora parthenoxylon Camphora porrecta Camphora pseudosassafras Cinnamomum barbato-axillatum Cinnamomum inodorum Cinnamomum inunctum Cinnamomum neesianum Cinnamomum parthenoxylon Cinnamomum porrectum Phoebe latifolia Persea pseudosassafras Laurus chinensis Litsea pruinosa Parthenoxylon pseudosassafras Laurus pseudosassafras Parthenoxylon pruinosum Cinnamomum purpureaum Laurus parthenoxylon Camphora chinensis