Cistus ladanifer L.

Common gum cistus (en), Ciste à gomme (fr), Ciste ladanifère (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Malvales > Cistaceae > Cistus

Characteristics

Glandular-viscid, aromatic shrub, 1-2 m high, often forming a large bush. Shoots dark reddish brown, extremely viscid when young, glabrous. Lvs sessile or subsessile, 3.5-9.5 × 0.5-1.5 cm, linear-lanceolate or narrow-elliptic, whitish grey, appressed stellate-tomentulose beneath, glabrous above and shining with very viscid gum when young, usually 3-nerved, revolute, attenuate at apex and base; lf pairs not connate. Fls solitary on short lateral branches which elongate at fruiting. Bracts large and foliose, yellowish brown, very viscid, fringed with long white hairs; lowermost bracts foliose. Pedicels short, extremely viscid. Sepals 3, c. 1.5 cm diam., orbicular, scaly and ciliate. Petals 5-6 cm long, broad-ovate, white with yellow base, with or without a purple or crimson blotch near base. Stigma almost sessile, large, capitate. Capsule 1-1.3 mm diam., globose, stellate-tomentose. Seed angular, glabrous.
More
A shrub. It grows 1.5-1.8 m high and spreads 1.2-1.5 m wide. The leaves are narrow and green. They are slightly sticky and have a smell. The leaves are narrow and sword shaped and 40-80 mm long. They are deep green above and have 3 veins in the lower half. They are paler and have white hairs underneath. The flowers are large and white. They are 70-100 mm across. They often have chocolate coloured blotches around a yellow centre. It has been used to breed other varieties. The fruit has 10 valves.
Shrubs to 25 dm, <stems usually viscid>. Leaves sessile; blade 3-veined from base, elliptic, lanceolate-elliptic, lanceolate-linear, or oblong, 40–80(–120) × 6–25 mm. Inflorescences solitary flowers. Flowers: sepals 3, <orbiculate>; petals white, sometimes with red or yellow spot near bases, 30–50 mm; styles 0–0.5 mm. Capsules 6–12-locular. 2n = 18 (Europe).
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread epizoochory
Mature width (meter) 1.0 - 1.5
Mature height (meter) 1.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.1
Root diameter (meter) 0.4
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a warm temperate plant. It can withstand light frosts. It grows on dry hillsides. It suits hardiness zones 8-10. Adelaide Botanical Gardens.
More
Pine woods, copses and on dry usually granitic hills.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-9

Usage

The gum is eaten. It is also used to flavour baked goods, soft drinks, ice cream and candy. The seeds are ground into flour and used for bread or cakes. It also yields a sweet manna. The flowers are chewed.
Uses environmental use food gene source gum invertebrate food material medicinal
Edible flowers gums leaves saps seeds stems
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed or from cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 7 - 30
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 21
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -12
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Cistus ladanifer habit picture by Prieta Javier (cc-by-sa)
Cistus ladanifer habit picture by Berardici Pat (cc-by-sa)
Cistus ladanifer habit picture by Acosta García Isabel (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Cistus ladanifer leaf picture by INDALECIO CASADO BOLIVAR (cc-by-sa)
Cistus ladanifer leaf picture by praposo (cc-by-sa)
Cistus ladanifer leaf picture by Sánchez Verdejo Toñi (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Cistus ladanifer flower picture by Itai R. (cc-by-sa)
Cistus ladanifer flower picture by Romane Stocker (cc-by-sa)
Cistus ladanifer flower picture by Rea Coton (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Cistus ladanifer fruit picture by Frescata Carlos (cc-by-sa)
Cistus ladanifer fruit picture by Luis U (cc-by-sa)
Cistus ladanifer fruit picture by Leandro Martins Santos (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Cistus ladanifer world distribution map, present in France, New Zealand, Portugal, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:168325-1
WFO ID wfo-0000607397
COL ID VLMJ
BDTFX ID 75055
INPN ID 91680
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Ladanum verum Cistus grandiflorus Cistus ladanosma Cistus viscosus Ladanium officinarum Cistus ladanifer f. bicolor Cistus ladanifer f. sulcatus Cistus ladanifer f. immaculatus Cistus ladanifer var. albiflorus Cistus ladanifer var. maculatus Cistus ladanifer var. stenophyllus Cistus ladanifer var. sulcatus Cistus ladanifer subsp. sulcatus Cistus ladanifer subsp. subcatus Cistus ladanifer

Lower taxons

Cistus ladanifer subsp. mauritanicus