Citharexylum caudatum L.

Juniper berry (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Verbenaceae > Citharexylum

Characteristics

Open, graceful shrub or small, slender, straggling, rounded tree to 20 m tall, occasionally vine-like; stems to 20 inches d.b.h.; bark white; branches and branch-lets tetragonal or subterete, often striate, glabrous, brownish, or the young shoots drying dark; leaf-scars large, borne on corky large sterigmata. Leaves opposite, lanceolate or oblong to narrowly elliptic, 4-17.5 cm long, 2.4-7.7 cm wide, apically blunt or subacute, rarely apiculate or emarginate, entire, cuneately narrowed to the base, the margins recurved to enclose a pair of elongate dark basal glands, firmly chartaceous or subcoriaceous, dark-green and shiny above, lighter and shiny and punctate beneath, glabrous on both surfaces, the midrib often orange-brown above and light-brown or pale greenish-white beneath and (when fresh) suffused below with buff,-minor venation delicate, sparse, often obscure; petioles 0.3-2.4 cm long, glabrous. Racemes axillary or terminating axillary branchlets, erect or pendent, 3-38 cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide, densely many-flowered, un-branched or rarely furcate; peduncles slender, 0.5-4.5 cm long, glabrate; rachis slender, grass-green, glabrate or glabrous; pedicels slender, 1-2.5 mm long, glabrate; bracts occasionally present, foliaceous, lanceolate, to 2.5 cm long and 1 cm wide, glabrous on both surfaces; prophylls setaceous, 1-2 mm long, glabrate. Flowers fragrant; calyx campanulate or cyathiform, 3-4.5 mm long, mostly glabrate outside, the tube pale-green, apically subtruncate, minutely apiculate or obsoletely 5-repand-dentate, obscurely ciliate; corolla white or cream-colored, 5-8 mm long, infundibular, the tube about twice as long as the calyx, tomentose apically, villous at the throat, the limb 5-lobed, 4-5 mm wide, lobed 1/32/3 of its length, the lobes obovate, the filaments ca. 0.5 mm long, the anthers ca. 1 mm long, the staminode rudimentary; pistil ca. 3.5 mm long, the style ca. 2 mm long, stigma bilobed, ovary obovate. Fruit reddish-green or yellow to orange or red, finally shiny black when mature and in drying, oblong or globose-oblong to obovate or subglobose, 6-12 mm long, 5-10 mm wide, glabrous, pyrenes 1-celled; fruiting-pedicels to 3 mm long; fruiting-calyx cupuliform or eventually patelliform, herbaceous or indurated, to 3 mm long and 4 mm wide, 5-angled, glabrous, apically subtruncate, 5-apiculate or eventually splitting irregularly and erose.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 12.0 - 15.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Upper mountain forests and dwarf forests of mountain peaks in Puerto Rico. Woods and thickets in Panama.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses environmental use medicinal wood
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Citharexylum caudatum leaf picture by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-sa)
Citharexylum caudatum leaf picture by visiones (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Citharexylum caudatum flower picture by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Citharexylum caudatum world distribution map, present in Bahamas, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Guatemala, Honduras, Haiti, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, and United States of America

Conservation status

Citharexylum caudatum threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:330600-2
WFO ID wfo-0000866637
COL ID 5Z8GX
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 629344
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Citharexylum album Citharexylum berteroi Citharexylum caudatum Citharexylum erectum Citharexylum caudatum f. angustifolium Citharexylum caudatum f. parvifolium Citharexylum lindenii Citharexylum caudatum f. lindenii