Citrus australasica F.Muell.

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Rutaceae > Citrus

Characteristics

A shrub or small tree. It grows up to 4-8 m high and spreads 2-5 m across. The bark is dark green. Young growth is often pinkish. The branches are thorny. The leaves are 2-4 cm long by 0.5-1.5 cm wide. They are oval or sword shaped. They are dark green and glossy but paler underneath. The edges of the leaves can be entire, scalloped or have teeth. The tip is blunt. The flowers occur singly in the axils of leaves. They are white or pinkish and about 1.2 cm across. Fruit occur on the previous seasons growth. Fruit are long and finger shaped. They are about 6-12 cm by 1.2-2.4 cm. Fruit colour can be yellow, red, black, or green. The pulp of the fruit is most commonly red but can be yellow or green. The fruit have 5-7 sections. These cells burst open with pressure.
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Shrub or small tree to 10 m high; spines 5–12 (–25) mm long, solitary. Leaves: petiole 1–3 mm long, not winged, articulated with lamina; lamina obovate to rhomboid, 22–25 (–50) mm long by 14–15 (–25) mm wide (smaller and ovate in young plants), truncate at base, obscurely toothed in upper half, truncate or emarginate, glabrous. Flowers solitary or paired, male (mostly) and bisexual, (3–) 5-merous; Petals oblong, (6–) 7–8 (–9) mm long, white. Stamens 20–25, free. Ovary 5–7-locular, each locule with 8–16 ovules. Fruits cylindric-fusiform, often weakly falcate, to 50 (–100) mm long and (15–) 20 (–25) mm diam.; pericarp rough, greenish yellow; mesocarp yellow. Seeds many per locule, ovoid, 6–7 mm long; embryo solitary.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.5 - 3.25
Mature height (meter) 4.0 - 8.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It occurs naturally in Australia in Northen New South Wales and Southern Queensland. It grows in subtropical rainforest as an understorey tree. It grows on a range of soil types. It can tolerate light frosts. In Brisbane Botanical Gardens. It suits hardiness zones 10-11. Mt Cootha Botanical Gardens.
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Grows in rainforest and ecotone with open forest, often in basalt-derived soils.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity 2-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The fruit can be used fresh or for processing into jams, jellies, marmalade etc.
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Commercially grown for its fruit. See notes.
Uses food gene source material
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed. Seed germination is erratic. Seeds do not breed true to type and seed from one plant can give a range of fruit colours. They can be grown from cuttings on a heat bed but rooting is slow and can take 6 months. They can be budded onto citrus rootstocks. Because the buds are small this takes some skill to be successful.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 23 - 30
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Fruit

Citrus australasica fruit picture by Isaac Keane (cc-by-sa)
Citrus australasica fruit picture by Martin W (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Citrus australasica world distribution map, present in Australia, Brazil, and Taiwan, Province of China

Conservation status

Citrus australasica threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:771856-1
WFO ID wfo-0000607946
COL ID 7SBXQ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Microcitrus australasica Citrus australasica var. sanguinea Microcitrus australasica var. sanguinea Citrus australasica

Lower taxons

Citrus australasica 'Australian Finger Lime'