Citrus x aurantium L.

Sour orange (en), Bigaradier (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Rutaceae > Citrus

Characteristics

Tree up to 10 m. high, with slender thorns; stem glabrous.. Leaflet ovate or elliptic, 7–10 cm. long, 4–7 cm. broad; petiole 2–3 cm. long, rather broadly winged.. Flowers axillary, large, white, with only 5–12% staminate; stamens 20–25; ovary 10–12-locular.. Fruit subglobose, ± 7 cm. in diameter; peel thick, rough, strongly aromatic, often orange-red at maturity; pulp very sour and bitter.
More
A small tree. The fruit contains about 12 segments. The peel is rough.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 2.0
Mature height (meter) 4.0 - 6.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) 0.6
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a subtropical plant.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity 2-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

The fruit are eaten fresh.
Uses afforestation essential oil fodder gum medicinal oil seasoning wood
Edible flowers fruits seeds
Therapeutic use Analgesics (flower), Antipyretics (flower), Asthenia (flower), Common cold (flower), Diuretics (flower), Fever (flower), Hemorrhage (flower), Hypnotics and sedatives (flower), Low back pain (flower), Parasympatholytics (flower), Pectoralis muscles (flower), General tonic for rejuvenation (flower), Spasm (flower), Splenomegaly (flower), Urination disorders (flower), Insecticides (fruit), Common cold (fruit), Influenza, human (fruit), Abdominal pain (fruit), Analgesics (fruit), Anorexia (fruit), Anthelmintics (fruit), Anti-bacterial agents (fruit), Antiemetics (fruit), Antifungal agents (fruit), Antinematodal agents (fruit), Antioxidants (fruit), Aphrodisiacs (fruit), Appetite stimulants (fruit), Asthenia (fruit), Astringents (fruit), Cardiovascular diseases (fruit), Diabetes mellitus (fruit), Diarrhea (fruit), Dyspepsia (fruit), Disorder of ejaculation (fruit), Flatulence (fruit), Heart diseases (fruit), Helminthiasis (fruit), Infection (fruit), Laxatives (fruit), Leech infestation (fruit), Liver diseases (fruit), Parasympatholytics (fruit), Pectoralis muscles (fruit), General tonic for rejuvenation (fruit), Scurvy (fruit), Skin diseases (fruit), Vomiting (fruit), Vascular purpura (fruit), Cooling effect on body (fruit), Acne vulgaris (fruit), Anti-infective agents (fruit), Anti-inflammatory agents (fruit), Earache (fruit), Fever (fruit), Hematologic diseases (fruit), Malaria (fruit), Thirst (fruit), Toothache (fruit), Common cold (leaf), Headache (leaf), Anti-bacterial agents (leaf), Antifungal agents (leaf), Anti-bacterial agents (seed), Antineoplastic agents (seed), Insect repellents (seed), Abdomen (unspecified), Abscess (unspecified), Ache(Ear) (unspecified), Ache(Stomach) (unspecified), Acne (unspecified), Antiseptic (unspecified), Anus (unspecified), Astringent (unspecified), Bilious (unspecified), Breast (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Carminative (unspecified), Chest (unspecified), Cold (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Expectorant (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Flu (unspecified), Hematochezia (unspecified), Infection (unspecified), Nervine (unspecified), Perfume (unspecified), Pneumonia (unspecified), Prolapse (unspecified), Puerperium (unspecified), Sedative (unspecified), Spasm (unspecified), Spleen (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Stomachic (unspecified), Sudorific (unspecified), Thrush (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Toothache (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Water (unspecified), Liqueur (unspecified), Nausea (unspecified), Anorexia (unspecified), Apertif (unspecified), Circulation (unspecified), Nypnotic (unspecified), Uterus (unspecified), Analgesic (unspecified), Antitussive (unspecified), Colic (unspecified), Mastitis (unspecified), Orchitis (unspecified), Swelling (unspecified), Antiphlogistic (unspecified), Cancer(Cervix) (unspecified), Anodyne (unspecified), Cosmetic (unspecified), Digestive (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Energy (unspecified), Gastritis (unspecified), Hepatitis (unspecified), Malaria (unspecified), Refrigerant (unspecified), Side (unspecified), Sore(Throat) (unspecified), Thirst (unspecified), Congestion (unspecified), Hernia (unspecified), Germicide (unspecified), Soap (unspecified), Intestine (unspecified), Antineoplastic agents (unspecified), Common cold (unspecified), Wounds and injuries (unspecified), Antifungal agents (unspecified), Anti-infective agents (unspecified), Anti-inflammatory agents (unspecified), Antiviral agents (unspecified), Arthritis (unspecified), Astringents (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified), Flatulence (unspecified), Hypersensitivity (unspecified), General tonic for rejuvenation (unspecified), Scurvy (unspecified), Splenomegaly (unspecified), Constipation (unspecified), Enterobius (unspecified), Fractures, bone (unspecified), Hysteria (unspecified), Laxatives (unspecified), Liver diseases (unspecified), Nephritis (unspecified), Vomiting (unspecified), Anti-infective agents (whole plant), Diarrhea (whole plant), Liver diseases (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -7
Optimum temperature (C°) 23 - 32
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Citrus x aurantium habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Citrus x aurantium leaf picture by Hunter Fernando (cc-by-sa)
Citrus x aurantium leaf picture by Hunter Fernando (cc-by-sa)
Citrus x aurantium leaf picture by Ibañez Catalina (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Citrus x aurantium flower picture by Serena G (cc-by-sa)
Citrus x aurantium flower picture by rafida (cc-by-sa)
Citrus x aurantium flower picture by Lima Gabriel (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Citrus x aurantium fruit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Citrus x aurantium fruit picture by Cannabis Rudelaris (cc-by-sa)
Citrus x aurantium fruit picture by Silveira Paim Maria Salete (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Citrus x aurantium world distribution map, present in Australia, Benin, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Bhutan, China, Cameroon, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Algeria, Ecuador, Spain, Fiji, Micronesia (Federated States of), Guinea, Guam, Honduras, Croatia, Haiti, India, Jamaica, Japan, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Morocco, Madagascar, Mexico, Marshall Islands, Myanmar, Northern Mariana Islands, Mauritius, Nicaragua, Niue, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Panama, Philippines, Palau, Puerto Rico, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Réunion, Thailand, Tajikistan, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Taiwan, Province of China, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:59600-2
WFO ID wfo-0000607909
COL ID VMM2
BDTFX ID 8531
INPN ID 85179
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Citrus x subsp. amara Citrus aurantium f. natsudaidai Citrus x var. koozi Citrus nobilis f. tumida Aurantium acre Aurantium bigarella Aurantium corniculatum Citrus x anonyma Citrus x calot Citrus x canaliculata Citrus changshan-huyou Citrus x communis Citrus x dulcis Citrus x florida Citrus x funadoko Citrus humilis Citrus x kotokan Citrus x medioglobosa Citrus tarogayo Citrus x truncata Citrus ujukitsu Citrus x dulcimedulla Citrus koozi Citrus x amara Citrus x benikoji Citrus daidai Citrus x fusca Citrus x glaberrima Citrus x intermedia Citrus x iwaikan Citrus x karna Citrus x keraji Citrus maderaspatana Citrus x mitsuharu Citrus x myrtifolia Citrus x natsudaidai Citrus x pseudogulgul Citrus pseudoparadisi Citrus racemosa Citrus x reshni Citrus reticulata Citrus x subcompressa Citrus suhuiensis Citrus x sulcata Citrus x taiwanica Citrus x tangelo Citrus tangerina Citrus x tengu Citrus x tosa-asahi Citrus x yatsushiro Citrus x yuge-hyokan Citrus x var. tumida Citrus truncata Citrus tosa-asahi Citrus omikanto Citrus reshni Citrus nobilis Citrus kotokan Citrus paradisi Citrus sinensis Citrus calot Citrus leiocarpa Citrus vangasy Aurantium x corniculatum Aurantium x distortum Aurantium vulgaris Citrus x humilis Citrus bigaradia Citrus x bigaradia Citrus keraji Aurantium coronatum Aurantium humile Aurantium myrtifolium Aurantium orientale Aurantium silvestre Aurantium sinense Aurantium variegatum Citrus x subsp. sinensis Citrus x subsp. suntra Citrus x var. tachibana Citrus x var. cyathifera Citrus x iyo Citrus sabon f. banyu Citrus sabon f. hakunikuyu Citrus sabon f. jiyu Citrus sabon f. mitsuyu Citrus sabon f. sekitoyu Citrus sabon f. soyu Citrus x omikanto Citrus oto Citrus x rokugatsu Citrus x rumphii Citrus x sinograndis Citrus pomelana Citrus aurantium var. sinensis Citrus aurantium var. natsudaidai Citrus crenatifolia var. lycopersiciformis Citrus decumana var. paradisi Citrus grandis var. dulcis Citrus grandis var. glaberrima Citrus grandis var. kotokan Citrus grandis var. natsudaidai Citrus grandis var. racemosa Citrus grandis var. sulcata Citrus grandis var. tengu Citrus maxima var. uvacarpa Citrus reticulata var. austera Citrus reticulata subsp. deliciosa Citrus reticulata subsp. tachibana Citrus reticulata subsp. unshiu Citrus sinensis subsp. crassa Citrus sinensis subsp. fetifera Citrus sinensis subsp. hierochuntica Citrus sinensis subsp. lusitanica Citrus papillaris var. chrysocarpa Citrus reticulata var. chrysocarpa Citrus x var. bigaradia Citrus aurantium f. intermedia Citrus x var. limetta Citrus x var. myrtifolia Citrus x var. sanguinea Citrus grandis f. benikawa Citrus medica f. tamurana Citrus x var. deliciosa Citrus x var. genshokan Citrus x var. ponki Citrus x var. poonensis Citrus x var. rubrifrons Citrus x var. subcompressa Citrus x var. sunki Citrus tankan f. koshotankan Citrus x var. voangkely Citrus x sinensis f. sekkan Citrus tankan f. haili Citrus x subsp. natsudaidai Citrus x var. papillaris Citrus aurantium var. voangkely Citrus aurantium var. amara Citrus nobilis var. deliciosa Citrus aurantium var. tachibana Citrus aurantium var. bigaradia Citrus madurensis var. deliciosa Citrus reticulata subsp. tachibana Citrus aurantium subsp. suntra Citrus x aurantium