Clintonia borealis (Aiton) Raf.

Bluebead (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Liliales > Liliaceae > Clintonia

Characteristics

A herb with rhizomes or underground stems. It keeps growing from year to year. It grows 50 cm tall. The leaves are at the base. There are 2-5 leaves that are large and have a pointed tip. They are dark green. They are 10-35 cm long and 5-15 cm wide and widest near the middle. There are 3-8 yellow flowers. They are bell shaped. They are in a cluster at the top of a leafless stem. The fruit are round and bright blue berries. They are 6-10 mm across. The seeds are an irregular shape. They are a shiny brown.
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Lvs 2–5, dark glossy green, oblong to elliptic or obovate, eventually to 3 dm, abruptly acuminate, ciliolate; scape 1.5–4 dm, usually hairy above at least when young; pedicels 1–3 cm, erect in fr, softly hairy; fls 3–8, nodding, the tep greenish-yellow, narrowly oblong, 15–18 mm; ovules 10 or more per locule; fr blue (white), 8 mm thick; 2n=28, 32. Rich moist woods and wooded bogs; Lab. and Nf. to Man. and Minn., s. to N.J., Pa., and n. Ind., and in the mts. to N.C. and Tenn. May, June.
Plants 2–5 dm; rhizomes thin, spreading. Cauline leaves 2–4; blade dark glossy green adaxially, oblong to elliptic obovate, 15–30 × 5–10 cm. Inflorescences in short, terminal racemes, 3–8(–10)-flowered; bracts 1(–3), narrowly foliaceous. Flowers nodding; tepals yellow to yellowish green, narrowly oblong, 12–16 × 3.5–4.5 mm; filaments 12–17.5 mm; anthers oblong, 2–3.5 mm. Berries ultramarine blue, ovoid, 8–16-seeded, 8–12 mm. Seeds 3–5 mm. 2n = 28, 32.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.3
Mature height (meter) 0.3
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) 0.2
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a cool temperate plant. It grows in cool woods and open slopes on mountains. It grows in hardiness zones 2-7.
More
Rich woodlands, deep thickets, higher elevations in cool moist sites.
Light 3-8
Soil humidity 5-6
Soil texture 2-4
Soil acidity 2-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 3-6

Usage

The young leaves are eaten in salads. The young leaves can be boiled and served with butter. Caution: Only eat the leaves and not any other part of the plant.
Uses insecticide medicinal
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Dermatological Aid (leaf), Disinfectant (leaf), Burn Dressing (leaf), Antidote (root), Dermatological Aid (root), Gynecological Aid (root), Poison (root), Heart Medicine (unspecified), Misc. Disease Remedy (unspecified), Antidote (unspecified), Unspecified (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown by seeds or by division of the roots.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 12 - 15
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -40
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Clintonia borealis habit picture by Bergie (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Clintonia borealis leaf picture by Chris E (cc-by-sa)
Clintonia borealis leaf picture by Stéphane Théroux (cc-by-sa)
Clintonia borealis leaf picture by Perry Perry Rancourt (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Clintonia borealis flower picture by Natacha Ouellet (cc-by-sa)
Clintonia borealis flower picture by Laura Doucet (cc-by-sa)
Clintonia borealis flower picture by Jean-François Girard (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Clintonia borealis fruit picture by Kitty Mercury (cc-by-sa)
Clintonia borealis fruit picture by Deborah Welch (cc-by-sa)
Clintonia borealis fruit picture by Fanny Landry (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Clintonia borealis world distribution map, present in Canada, France, Micronesia (Federated States of), Georgia, Malaysia, Nicaragua, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30082120-2
WFO ID wfo-0000763732
COL ID W78H
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 761906
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Clintonia borealis Convallaria borealis Clintonia aitonii Clintonia angustifolia Clintonia biflora Clintonia biumbella Clintonia ciliata Clintonia mutans Clintonia undulata Dracaena borealis Clintonia borealis f. borealis Smilacina borealis Clintonia triflora Clintonia falcata Clintonia fulva Clintonia glomerata Clintonia latifolia Clintonia multiflora Clintonia nutans Clintonia ophioglossoides Clintonia borealis f. albicarpa Clintonia borealis f. lateralis Clintonia nutans var. prolifera Clintonia nutans var. fascicularis Clintonia nutans var. obovata Clintonia nutans var. dasistema Clintonia nutans var. macrostema Clintonia nutans var. uniflora