Cnidoscolus urens (L.) Arthur

Cnidoscolus (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Euphorbiaceae > Cnidoscolus

Characteristics

Herb or softly woody subshrub 0.5-2 m high; stems densely armed with rigid stinging hairs 2-6 mm long. Leaves chartaceous; petioles mostly 3-12(-15) cm long, pubescent, sparsely to densely armed; junction of petiole and blade with a dense cluster (1.5-3 mm wide) of small digitiform glands; stipules split into a central subulate greenish part 2-5 mm long and several small lateral glands or gland-tipped setae; blades ovate or suborbicular in outline, 3-5-lobed, ? cordate at base, ca (5-)7-15 cm long, 8-18 cm broad, 5-7-palmatinerved, pubescent (often more densely so beneath), with stinging hairs along veins, the lobes oblong to obovate, obscurely to sharply denticulate, abruptly acute to acuminate. Dichasia terminal (or pseudoaxillary due to sympodial growth); peduncles sparsely to densely armed, 3.5-12 cm long; pistillate flowers ca 3-6 per inflorescence, at proxi-mal axils; staminate flowers ca 10-25 per inflorescence, clustered at tips of second-order branches. Staminate flowers subsessile (pedicels to 1 mm long); perianth greenish-white, unarmed, oblong-urceolate in bud, ca 11-13.5 mm long (in Panamanian specimens); perianth tube cylindric, basally dilated, ca 3-7.5 mm long, unarmed, glabrous to densely pubescent, the lobes suborbicular to ovate or broadly elliptic, ca 3-6 mm long, rounded, unarmed or with I or 2 stinging hairs, moderately to densely pubescent without (rarely glabrous); disc pulviniform, closely adnate to the base of the staminal column, densely hispidulous, 1 mm wide or more; stamens 10, biseriate, the outer series with filaments free, ca 3.5-4 mm long, the inner series with filaments ca 6.5-8.0 mm long, connate more than half-way into a column, the anthers elliptic, 1.3-1.5 mm long; staminodes filiform, ca 1.5-2.5 mm long. Pistillate flowers nearly sessile, pedicels becoming 1-4 mm long in fruit; sepals distinct, whitish, oblong, caducous, 2.8-3 mm long; disc a small annular ring ca 0.2 mm high; ovary pubescent and usually armate, sometimes glabrous, the styles nearly free, ca 1.2-1.3 mm long, incrassate, twice bifid. Capsules usually armed with stinging hairs, more or less rugose, ca 10-12 mm long; seeds oblong-obovate, somewhat compressed, 6.5-9.7 mm long, 3.5-5.1 mm broad, pale to dark brownish or grayish, more or less flecked, minutely rugulose, distinctly beaked, the caruncle deltoid, 1.2-1.5 mm high, 2-3 mm broad.
More
A shrub.
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.5 - 2.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a tropical plant.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

Uses material medicinal poison
Edible leaves roots
Therapeutic use Bladder (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Gall (unspecified), Hydropsy (unspecified), Kidney (unspecified), Lithontriptic (unspecified), Metroxenia (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Stone (unspecified), Venereal (unspecified), Wart (unspecified), Leucorrhea (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Cnidoscolus urens habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Cnidoscolus urens habit picture by Calderón Caldas Douglas (cc-by-sa)
Cnidoscolus urens habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Cnidoscolus urens leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Cnidoscolus urens leaf picture by Magda Rocha (cc-by-sa)
Cnidoscolus urens leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Flower

Cnidoscolus urens flower picture by Macedo Luzia (cc-by-sa)
Cnidoscolus urens flower picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Cnidoscolus urens flower picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Fruit

Cnidoscolus urens fruit picture by Calderón Caldas Douglas (cc-by-sa)
Cnidoscolus urens fruit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Cnidoscolus urens fruit picture by R. Tournebize (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Cnidoscolus urens world distribution map, present in Aruba, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Paraguay, Suriname, United States of America, and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Conservation status

Cnidoscolus urens threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:61899-2
WFO ID wfo-0000899398
COL ID WJLH
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 629376
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Jatropha urens f. osteocarpa Jatropha adenophila Jatropha herbacea Jatropha loefgrenii Manihot herbacea Bivonea urens Jatropha urens Jussieuia herbacea Cnidoscolus marcgravii Cnidoscolus neglectus Janipha urens Cnidoscolus adenophilus Cnidoscolus herbaceus Cnidoscolus loefgrenii Cnidoscolus mexicanus Jatropha neglecta Cnidoscolus michauxii Jatropha tubulosa var. triloba Jatropha urens var. brachyloba Jatropha urens var. herbacea Jatropha urens var. marcgravii Jatropha urens var. osteocarpa Jatropha vitifolia var. repanda Jatropha urens var. neglecta Cnidoscolus urens subsp. adenophilus Cnidoscolus vitifolius var. repandus Cnidoscolus urens subsp. urens Cnidoscolus osteocarpus Jatropha osteocarpa Cnidoscolus urens var. urens Manihot urens Jatropha urens var. genuina Cnidoscolus urens

Lower taxons

Cnidoscolus urens var. neglectus Cnidoscolus urens var. stimulosus