Cocculus carolinus Dc.

Carolina snailseed (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Ranunculales > Menispermaceae > Cocculus

Characteristics

Vines , to 5 m or more; rhizomes to 1.4 cm diam. Stems with spreading pubescence. Leaves: petiole to 10 cm. Leaf blade generally ovate or deltate, sometimes sagittate or hastate, to 17 × 14 cm, membranous to leathery, base sometimes with 3-5 lobes, margins usually entire, apex acuminate to rounded, then often retuse, mucronate; surfaces abaxially slightly pale, rarely glaucous, sparsely to densely pilose, adaxially glabrous to sparsely pilose; venation 5. Inflorescences to 22 cm; bracteoles often present; rachis glabrous or tomentose, not glaucous. Flowers: perianth parts not glaucous; sepals in 3 series, outer sepals 0-3, ovate, 0.3-1.4 × 0.2-0.8 mm, pilose, middle 3 sepals ovate to elliptic or obovate, 1-3 × 0.6-2 mm, glabrous to pilose, inner 3 sepals elliptic to nearly orbiculate or obovate, 0.8-3 × 0.8-2 mm, glabrous to sparsely pilose; petals (5-)6, yellow, elliptic, deltate, rhombic, obovate, or nearly orbiculate, 0.6-2 × 0.4-1.4 mm, glabrous. Staminate flowers: stamens (5-)6, to 2.2 mm; pistillodes to 0.5 mm. Pistillate flowers: staminodes to 0.8 mm; pistils to 2 mm. Drupes red, 5-8 mm diam. 2 n = 78.
More
Slender climber to 2–3 m; lvs variable, deltoid to ovate, 5–15 cm, entire to 3-lobed, cordate to truncate at base, acute to retuse at the mucronate tip, usually hairy beneath; staminate infls 1 dm, pistillate much shorter; fls 3–4 mm wide; fr red, 5–8 mm; 2n=78. Moist woods and thickets; Va. to Fla. and Tex., n. in the interior to s. Ind. and Mo. June– Aug. (Epibaterium c.)
Life form perennial
Growth form -
Growth support climber
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 4.0 - 5.0
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Light 4-9
Soil humidity 5-7
Soil texture 1-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-9

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use Blood Medicine (root)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -18
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Cocculus carolinus habit picture by Joshua Kuykendall (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Cocculus carolinus leaf picture by Danielle-Rae Hope (cc-by-sa)
Cocculus carolinus leaf picture by Ivan Pequeno (cc-by-sa)
Cocculus carolinus leaf picture by Deedra Alexander (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Cocculus carolinus flower picture by JON H (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Cocculus carolinus fruit picture by Deedra Alexander (cc-by-sa)
Cocculus carolinus fruit picture by Christian Kotara (cc-by-sa)
Cocculus carolinus fruit picture by Christian Kotara (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Cocculus carolinus world distribution map, present in Mexico and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:580515-1
WFO ID wfo-0001083839
COL ID 5ZFXQ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Caesalpinia smilacea Menispermum virginicum Baumgartia scandens Cocculus enneandrus Cebatha sagittifolia Cocculus sagittifolius Menispermum carolinum Epibaterium carolinum Cebatha carolina Wendlandia caroliniana Wendlandia populifolia Androphylax scandens Cocculidium populifolium Cocculus carolinus