Codiaeum variegatum (L.) A.Juss.

Garden croton (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Euphorbiaceae > Codiaeum

Characteristics

Shrubs up to 3 m tall; branches glabrous, with prominent leaf scars. Petiole 0.2-2.5 cm; leaf blade very variable in shape and color, linear, linear-lanceolate, oblong, elliptic, lanceolate, ovate, spatulate, or fiddle-shaped to obovate, sometimes divided to midvein into upper and lower parts, 5-30 × (0.3-)0.5-8 cm, thinly leathery, green, purple-red, and/or yellow, sometimes with colored spots or stripes of spots, base cuneate to obtuse, apex acute or acuminate to rounded. Inflorescences 8-30 cm. Male flowers white; pedicels delicate; petals 5, smaller than sepals; disk glands 5; stamens 20-30. Female flowers yellowish; pedicels slightly thickened; sepals ovate-triangular; disk annular; styles recurved, entire. Capsule subglobose, slightly flattened, glabrous, ca. 9 mm in diam. Seeds ca. 6 mm. Fl. Sep-Oct, fr. Nov-Dec.
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Shrub to 5 m high. Leaves: petiole 3–42 mm long; lamina cuneate-obovate, elliptic, obcordate, rarely linear-lanceolate, 25–320 mm long, 7–70 mm wide; base cordate, cuneate, retuse; margins weakly sinuate to crenulate; tip acute, acuminate or obtuse; venation comprising 12–14 lateral veins per side of midrib and weakly visible tertiary reticulate veins. Male flowers 3–4 mm long, 4–5 mm diam.; pedicels 7–13 mm long; sepals lanceolate-ovate to ovate, 2–2.5 mm long; petals rounded-cordate, 0.7–1 mm long, 1–1.4 mm wide; stamens 16–18. Female flowers 2.5–5 mm long, 2–4 mm diam.; pedicels 1.5–10 mm long; sepals ovate, 0.6–1.2 mm long; ovary glabrous. Fruit globose, 5–7 mm long. Seeds ovoid, 4.8–5.5 mm long.
A shrub or small tree. It grows 3-8 m high. The leaves vary in shape. They are oval and taper to the base. They are thick and leathery. Leaves can have a range of colours. They are 10-20 cm long by 4-8 cm wide. Flowers are separately male and female. The male flowers are in groups of 2-6 while the female flowers are single. The fruit is a capsule 0.6-0.8 cm across.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.0 - 1.25
Mature height (meter) 3.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

An understory plant in well developed lowland and upland rain forest but tends to be more common at the drier end of the rain forest types and is most abundant on soils derived from recent basalt flows; at elevations up to 800 metres.
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A tropical plant. They do best in moist, humus-rich soil. It suits hardiness zones 11-12. In XTBG Yunnan.
Light 4-7
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture -
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The very young leaves of some kinds are eaten as a flavouring. They are blanched for salads. Caution: It can be toxic or produce allergies.
Uses environmental use food fuel material medicinal ornamental social use
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Antineoplastic agents (aerial part), Antifungal agents (leaf), Antineoplastic agents (leaf), Cathartics (leaf), Hypnotics and sedatives (leaf), Urination disorders (leaf), Abortifacient (unspecified), Abortive (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Dysuria (unspecified), Pain (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified), Refrigerant (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Sudorific (unspecified), Syphilis (unspecified), Urogenital (unspecified), Eye (unspecified), Caustic (unspecified), Poultice (unspecified), Antineoplastic agents (whole plant excluding root)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed or cuttings. Tip cuttings or air layering can be used. It can be used for hedges or living fences.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Codiaeum variegatum habit picture by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-sa)
Codiaeum variegatum habit picture by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-sa)
Codiaeum variegatum habit picture by Lemaire Romain (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Codiaeum variegatum leaf picture by jimi jimi (cc-by-sa)
Codiaeum variegatum leaf picture by Bakri Nanilette (cc-by-sa)
Codiaeum variegatum leaf picture by Agnès Ma (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Codiaeum variegatum world distribution map, present in Australia, Bangladesh, China, Cook Islands, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Fiji, Gambia, Haiti, Moldova (Republic of), Mozambique, Malaysia, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Tonga, United States of America, Vanuatu, and Samoa

Conservation status

Codiaeum variegatum threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:85073-3
WFO ID wfo-0000905170
COL ID 5ZHL6
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447128
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Ricinus pictus Codiaeum variegatum f. ambiguum Oxydectes variegata Phyllaurea variegata Codiaeum angustifolium Codiaeum chrysosticton Codiaeum crispum Codiaeum multicolor Codiaeum mutabile Codiaeum pilgrimii Codiaeum spirale Codiaeum stewartii Codiaeum taeniosum Codiaeum triumphans Codiaeum vanoosterzeei Codiaeum variegatum Codiaeum volutum Croton hastiferus Croton imperialis Croton lacteus Crozophyla variegata Croton variegatus Codiaeum cooperi Codiaeum dodgonae Codiaeum evansianum Codiaeum interruptum Codiaeum magnificum Codiaeum sylvestre Codiaeum timorense Codiaeum hanburyanum Codiaeum albicans Codiaeum burtonii Codiaeum chelsonii Codiaeum chrysophyllum Codiaeum eburneum Codiaeum elegans Codiaeum elegantissimum Codiaeum elongatum Codiaeum fucatum Codiaeum goldiei Codiaeum grande Codiaeum henryanum Codiaeum illustre Codiaeum imperiale Codiaeum insigne Codiaeum jamesii Codiaeum lancifolium Codiaeum lyratum Codiaeum macfarlanei Codiaeum maculatum Codiaeum majesticum Codiaeum maximum Codiaeum nevilliae Codiaeum recurvifolium Codiaeum superbiens Codiaeum trilobum Codiaeum variegatum f. angustifolium Codiaeum variegatum f. appendiculatum Codiaeum variegatum f. cornutum Codiaeum variegatum f. crispum Codiaeum variegatum f. lobatum Codiaeum variegatum f. longifolium Codiaeum variegatum f. parvifolium Codiaeum variegatum f. perringii Codiaeum variegatum f. platyphyllum Codiaeum variegatum f. taeniosum Codiaeum warrenii Codiaeum williamsii Codiaeum wilsonii Codiaeum youngii Croton aucubifolius Croton carrieri Croton cornutus Croton drouetii Croton duvalii Croton latimaculatus Croton hillianus Croton hookeri Croton irregularis Croton picturatum Croton truffautii Croton undulatus Croton vervaetii Croton weismannii Codiaeum triumphans var. harwoodianum Codiaeum variegatum var. pictum Codiaeum variegatum f. lanceolatum Codiaeum variegatum f. latifolium Codiaeum variegatum f. medium Codiaeum variegatum f. minus Croton interruptus

Lower taxons

Codiaeum variegatum var. variegatum Codiaeum variegatum var. cavernicola