Coffea racemosa Lour.

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Rubiaceae > Coffea

Characteristics

Shrub 1-3.5 m tall; young branches puberulous, with light brown bark. Leaves deciduous, borne on young or less often mature stems or on short spurs; blades 2.2-7 x 1-3.4 cm, narrowly elliptic to broadly elliptic in shape, obtuse at the apex or rarely subacuminate, acute at the base, papery to subcoriaceous, usually slightly shiny above, with cellular pattern usually visible (with x1o lens) on the surface, midrib prominent above, lateral and tertiary nerves apparent or somewhat obscure on both surfaces, marginal nerves apparent on lower surface only; lateral nerves in 4-6 main pairs; domatia with cavities incompletely or completely defined, sparsely pubescent to pubescent or occasionally absent; petiole 1-2.5 mm long; stipules 1.75-3.5 mm long altogether, triangular at the base, aristate above. Flowers 5-9(12)-merous, precocious or sometimes occurring with the leaves; 1(2) single-flowered inflorescences per axil or very occasionally with 2-3 flowers in a fascicled inflorescence; inflorescence stalks often covered with sticky exudate, 1-5 mm long, hidden by cupules or exposed; cupules 2-3, overlapping or not, with short foliar lobes; bracteolar cupule often present, ± truncate but deeply divided; bractlets scale-like, often numerous. Calyx limb shorter than or ± equalling the disk, repand to denticulate. Corolla tube 6-12 mm long, 2-4 mm wide at top; lobes 6-13 x 2-7 mm, rounded. Fruit purplish to black when mature (or red fide Palmer & Pitman loc. cit. supr.), 9-11 x 6 mm; whole stalks lengthening to 4-7 mm long. Seed fawn-coloured, 5-7 x 3-4 mm.
More
Leaves deciduous, borne on young or less often mature stems or on short spurs; blades 2.2–7 × 1–3.4 cm, narrowly elliptic to broadly elliptic in shape, obtuse at the apex or rarely subacuminate, acute at the base, papery to subcoriaceous, usually slightly shiny above, with cellular pattern usually visible (with ×10 lens) on the surface, midrib prominent above, lateral and tertiary nerves apparent or somewhat obscure on both surfaces, marginal nerves apparent on lower surface only; lateral nerves in 4–6 main pairs; domatia with cavities incompletely or completely defined, sparsely pubescent to pubescent or occasionally absent; petiole 1–2.5 mm long; stipules 1.75–3.5 mm long altogether, triangular at the base, aristate above.
A small much-branched tree. It grows up to 6 m high. It often has a single stem. The leaves are shiny and in opposite pairs. They are 9 cm long by 6 cm wide. They are oval or sword shaped. They narrow to both ends. The edges are somewhat wavy. The flowers are 1.6 cm long by 1 cm wide. They are white with twisted petals. They occur in groups in the axils of leaves towards the ends of branches. The fruit are oval or round and about 1 cm long. They are red when ripe and contain 2 seeds. The seeds are grooved like other coffee beans.
Flowers 5–9(12)-merous, precocious or sometimes occurring with the leaves; 1(2) single-flowered inflorescences per axil or very occasionally with 2–3 flowers in a fascicled inflorescence; inflorescence stalks often covered with sticky exudate, 1–5 mm long, hidden by cupules or exposed; cupules 2–3, overlapping or not, with short foliar lobes; bracteolar cupule often present, ± truncate but deeply divided; bractlets scale-like, often numerous.
Fruit purplish to black when mature (or red fide Palmer & Pitman loc. cit. supr.), 9–11 × 6 mm; whole stalks lengthening to 4–7 mm long.
Corolla tube 6–12 mm long, 2–4 mm wide at top; lobes 6–13 × 2–7 mm, rounded.
Calyx limb shorter than or ± equalling the disk, repand to denticulate.
Shrub 1–3.5 m tall; young branches puberulous, with light brown bark.
Seed fawn-coloured, 5–7 × 3–4 mm.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.5 - 2.5
Mature height (meter) 1.35 - 3.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It occurs at low altitude in hot dry woodland and on rocky outcrops. It can be along rivers and in dune forest. They are hardy and resistant to disease.
More
Not known
Light 4-6
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity 2-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-11

Usage

The seeds are roasted, ground and used as coffee.
Uses coffee substitute food gene source material medicinal social use
Edible seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are cultivated.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 42 - 56
Germination temperacture (C°) 23
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Coffea racemosa unspecified picture

Distribution

Coffea racemosa world distribution map, present in Brazil, Mozambique, eSwatini, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Coffea racemosa threat status: Near Threatened

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:747242-1
WFO ID wfo-0000912083
COL ID WW62
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Coffea mozambicana Coffea racemosa Coffea ramosa Coffea swynnertonii