Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt.

Bastard toadflax (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Santalales > Santalaceae > Comandra

Characteristics

Stems 1–4 dm, simple or branched; lvs 2–5 cm; tepals whitish, about equaling the hypanthium; 2n=28, 52 (?). Prairies, shores, and upland woods; widespread in N. Amer., from Nf. and Que. to B.C., s. to Ga., Ark., and N.M. May–July. Most of our plants belong to var. umbellata, the characteristic phase of e. N. Amer., with lanceolate to elliptic or ovate, ± evidently reticulate-veiny lvs green on both sides or somewhat paler beneath but not glaucous, the tep mostly 2–3 mm long and the fr mostly 4–6 mm thick. (C. richardsiana; C. u. var. decumbens) The well marked, more western var. pallida (A. DC.) M. E. Jones barely reaches our range, as in w. Minn. It has thicker, ± glaucous, often narrower lvs without evident lateral veins, longer, relatively narrower tep mostly 3–4 mm, and larger fr mostly 6–10 mm thick. (C. pallida)
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A small erect herb. It grows 10-40 cm tall. It loses its leaves during the year. The leaves are alternate, sword shaped and thick. Theya re 2-5 cm long by 5-10 mm wide. The fruit is urn shaped and fleshy.
Leaf blades light green to grayish or bluish green, lanceolate, elliptic, or ovate, 0.7–5.3 cm, apex obtuse, acute, or acuminate. Flowers: hypanthium base not dilated.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support parasite
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.3
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) 0.3
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Dry to moist sandy well-drained soils, especially those that are acid, from sea level to the sub-alpine zone.
More
It is a temperate plant.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 2-5
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 1-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-9

Usage

The nectar is sucked from the flowers. The fruit are occasionally eaten. They are sweet when young. They can be used for jam.
Uses medicinal
Edible flowers fruits nectars
Therapeutic use Analgesic (leaf), Pulmonary Aid (leaf), Dermatological Aid (unspecified), Kidney Aid (unspecified), Cold Remedy (unspecified), Respiratory Aid (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Comandra umbellata habit picture by Vicki Brown (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Comandra umbellata leaf picture by Vicki Brown (cc-by-sa)
Comandra umbellata leaf picture by tania hubbard (cc-by-sa)
Comandra umbellata leaf picture by tania hubbard (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Comandra umbellata flower picture by Vicki Brown (cc-by-sa)
Comandra umbellata flower picture by Lawrence Chu (cc-by-sa)
Comandra umbellata flower picture by Ryan Heaney (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Comandra umbellata world distribution map, present in Canada and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:780112-1
WFO ID wfo-0000615918
COL ID XDLV
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Comandra cuneifolia Comandra elliptica Comandra media Comandra obovata Comandra obtusifolia Comandra richardsiana Thesium corymbosulum Comandra umbellulata Hamiltonia umbellata Thesium umbellatum Comandra umbellata var. decumbens Comandra umbellata var. lanceolata Comandra umbellata subsp. richardsiana Comandra umbellata var. umbellata Comandra umbellata subsp. umbellata Comandra umbellata

Lower taxons

Comandra umbellata subsp. californica Comandra umbellata subsp. elegans Comandra umbellata subsp. pallida