Combretum laxum Jacq.

Species

Angiosperms > Myrtales > Combretaceae > Combretum

Characteristics

Woody liana to 35 m (often much less), stems up to 14 cm diam., in the absence of support a shrub with scandent or decumbent long branches or a shrub to 3 m; ‘combretaceous hairs’ often very scarce) and peltate scales present. Leaves opposite, chartaceous or subcoriaceous, mostly elliptic to elliptic-oblong, less often narrowly or broadly so, or sometimes ovate-elliptic to narrowly so, (2-)4-24.5 x 1.4-13 cm, apex mostly gradually or abruptly shortly to long acuminate, less often acute or obtuse to rounded, base mostly broadly cuneate to rounded, less often acutely cuneate or subcordate to cordate, mostly hairless or almost so, less often pubescent or even densely so below and sparsely so above, moderately to rather densely lepidote below, sparsely or very sparsely so above, scales usually inconspicuous to naked eye, dark or whitish; venation usually eucamptodromous-brochidodromous, sometimes eucamptodromous or brochidodromous, secondary veins 6-10(-14) pairs, moderately prominent, tertiary veins irregularly to regularly percurrent, slightly prominent, higher order veins distinct, slightly prominent; petiole 0.3-1.1 cm long, glabrous to moderately pubescent, inconspicuously lepidote. Inflorescence sparsely to extensively branched, slender, in opposite pairs in leaf-axils, 3-9.5 cm long, usually aggregated into terminal panicles up to 33 cm long, at lower nodes in axils of normal leaves (often fallen by fruiting), at upper nodes without subtending leaves, glabrous to densely pubescent or rarely tomentose, inconspicuously lepidote; flowers borne densely, less often spaced out, on rhachis. Flowers 4-merous, 2.3-3.8(-5) mm long, glabrous to rather densely pubescent and moderately to densely but usually very inconspicuously lepidote outside; lower hypanthium 0.8-1.8(-2.3) mm long, without or with very short pedicel-like region, more densely pubescent and lepidote than upper hypanthium but sometimes hairless, upper hypanthium deeply cupuliform, 1.4-2(-2.8) x 1.5-3(-3.5) mm, subglabrous to pubescent inside (degree not correlated to pubescence outside); calyx lobes erect, 0.1-0.4 mm long, apex subacute to obtuse; petals 4, patent to reflexed at full anthesis, broadly spathulate with limb transversely oblong-elliptic, 0.8-1.8 x 1-1.5(-2) mm, well exceeding calyx lobes, apex rounded, truncate or irregular, basal claw 0.1-0.5 mm long, glabrous; stamens 8, well exserted, filaments 3-4.7(-6.4) mm long; disk usually sparsely pubescent at margin, without or with narrow free margin up to 0.15 mm long; style (3.1-)4-5.3(-6.6) mm long, usually exserted about as far as stamens. Fruit very variable. Broad-winged fruit: densely but minutely lepidote on body, more sparsely so on wings, glabrous to fairly densely pubescent, especially on body, 1.4-3.8 x 1.3-3.1 cm, broadly elliptic to orbicular in side view, apex retuse, base retuse (often very strongly), slender pseudostipe 0.2-1 cm long, body without spongy tissue, wings 4, thin and flexible, 0.5-1.3 cm wide. Narrow-winged fruit: hairless to tomentose with hairs denser on body, moderately to densely but minutely lepidote especially on body, 1.4-3(-4) x 0.6-1.2 cm, ovate to narrowly to broadly elliptic or oblong-elliptic in side view, apex acute or acuminate to rounded or truncate, sometimes minutely apiculate, base rounded to narrowly cuneate, thick to narrow pseudostipe 0-0.6 cm long, body much thickened with spongy tissue, wings or ridges 4, stiff, 0.05-0.25 cm wide, sometimes spirally twisted and/or markedly crispate. Scales ca. 40-60 (-70) µm diam., usually whitish, marginal cells 8-11.
More
Liana (sometimes a shrub ?), branchlets rufous-or tawny-tomentose to almost glabrous. Leaves chartaceous to subcoriaceous, opposite, petiolate, petioles 2-7 mm. long, tomentose to almost glabrous, lamina oblong or oblong-elliptic to broadly ovate or suborbicular, 6-18 X 3-7 cm., not conspicuously scaly, varying from tomentose to nearly glabrous, usually acuminate sometimes subcaudate at the apex, rounded or subcordate at the base. Flowers white or yellow, small, fragrant, sessile, 4-merous, in terminal or terminal and axillary panicles, rhachis rufous-or fulvous-tomentose, tomentellous or pubescent. Lower receptacle 1-1.5 mm. long, tomen-tose, tomentellous, pubescent or nearly glabrous; upper receptacle cupuliform, 1-2 X 1.5-2.5 mm., densely pubescent to nearly glabrous. Calyx-lobes deltoid, about 0.7 mm. long. Petals 4, broadly obovate to transversely elliptic or subreniform, about 1 mm. in diam., glabrous, exceeding the calyx-lobes. Stamens 8, filaments about 4 mm. long, anthers 0.5 mm. long. Disk small, glabrous. Style 2.5-4 mm. long. Fruit oblong, narrowly ovoid or suborbicular, 4-ridged or-winged, 2.4 X 1.5-2 cm., pubescent or glabrous.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support climber
Foliage retention
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 35.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Combretum laxum unspecified picture
Combretum laxum unspecified picture

Distribution

Combretum laxum world distribution map, present in Argentina, American Samoa, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, Haiti, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Paraguay, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Conservation status

Combretum laxum threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:170216-1
WFO ID wfo-0000616453
COL ID 5ZRG8
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 761691
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Combretum jacquinii f. brasiliense Combretum puberum Combretum brunnescens Combretum epiphyticum Combretum marchii Combretum odoratum Combretum terminialioides Chrysostachys ovatifolia Combretum accedens Combretum adenophyllum Combretum bugi Combretum cordatum Combretum fulgens Combretum jacquinii Combretum laxum Combretum mexicanum Combretum obtusifolium Combretum obtusum Combretum odoratissimum Combretum robinsonii Combretum variabile Combretum viscidum Combretum jacquinii f. laxum Combretum oblongifolium Struthanthus patrisii Combretum ferrugineum Combretum ferrugineum Combretum jacquinii f. ovatifolium Combretum jacquinii f. pulchellum Combretum laxum var. aurantiacum Combretum laxum var. epiphyticum Combretum laxum var. viridulum Combretum mexicanum var. laxiflorum Combretum mexicanum var. obovatum Combretum variabile var. angustifolium Combretum variabile var. detersum Combretum variabile var. oblongifolium Combretum jacquinii var. laxum Combretum jacquinii var. pulchellum Loranthus patrisii Combretum jacquinii f. bugi Combretum obtusifolium var. griseo-lepidotum Combretum pulchellum Combretum laxum var. laxum