Combretum psidioides Welw.

Species

Angiosperms > Myrtales > Combretaceae > Combretum

Characteristics

Tree up to 17 m. high or large bush; bark grey, deeply rectangularly fissured or fairly smooth; branchlets usually tomentose when young, with the bark peeling off in large dark grey or purple-black strips or cylindrical or hemicylindrical pieces, leaving a newly exposed cinnamon-red surface.. Leaves opposite; lamina coriaceous, elliptic or oblong-elliptic or ovate-elliptic or ovate-oblong, 5–15(–24) cm. long, 3–10(–16) cm. wide, apex usually rounded or retuse and often mucronate or apiculate, base rounded or subcordate, densely ferruginous tomentose when young (except in subsp. psilophyllum where the young leaves are markedly glutinous), eventually white pubescent to pilose or tomentose on the reticulation beneath and glabrous on the areoles (subsp. psidioides) or ferruginous pubescent along the sides of the midrib and laterals (subsp. psilophyllum) or glabrous except for the scales (subsp. glabrum); scales reddish, widely scattered, inconspicuous; lateral nerves 8–16 pairs, reticulation rather prominent beneath; petiole 3–10 mm. long.. Inflorescences of rather dense usually tomentose axillary spikes up to 10 cm. long usually appearing with the young leaves.. Flowers (fig. 3/17, p. 14) yellow.. Lower receptacle usually tomentose; upper receptacle broadly campanulate or cupuliform, 2.5 mm. long, 3.5 mm. in diameter, usually tomentose.. Sepals deltate.. Petals obcuneate, 1.1 mm. long, 0.6 mm. wide, ciliate at the apex.. Stamen-filaments 6 mm. long; anthers 1.1 mm. long.. Disk with pilose free margin 0.5–0.75 mm. wide.. Style 2–3 mm. long, slightly expanded at the apex.. Fruit (fig. 5/17, p. 16) subcircular or elliptic in outline, up to 3 cm. long, 3 cm. wide, usually crimson or pink, sometimes red-brown or tan, glutinous, nearly glabrous except for rather inconspicuous scales; apical peg absent; wings up to 13 mm. wide; stipe 2–10 mm. long.. Cotyledons 2, arising below soil-level; petioles 4–4.5 cm. long.. Scales (fig. 2/17, p. 13) glistening, whitish or yellowish or reddish, often obscured by the indumentum, ± 40–50(–70) μ in diameter, circular, with 8 primary radial walls only, cell walls very thin and obscured by glutinous secretions.
More
Leaves opposite; lamina 5–15(26) x 3–10(16) cm., elliptic or oblong-elliptic or oblong or ovate-elliptic or ovate-oblong, densely tomentose when young (except in subsp. glabrum), eventually pubescent to pilose or tomentose on the reticulation beneath and glabrous on the areolae (subsp. psidioides) or tomentose both on the reticulation and on the areolae (subsp. dinteri) or glabrous (subsp. glabrum) apart from scales, rather inconspicuously lepidote, apex usually rounded or retuse, often mucronate or apiculate, base rounded or subcordate; lateral nerves 8–16 pairs; reticulation rather prominent beneath; petiole 3–10 mm. long.
Semideciduous understorey tree up to 9 m. high or large bush; crown open, flattened to rounded; bark grey to black, deeply fissured or fairly smooth; branchlets usually tomentose when young with the bark peeling off in large strips or cylindrical or hemicylindrical pieces leaving a newly-exposed cinnamon-red surface.
Scales glistening, whitish or yellowish or reddish, often obscured by the indumentum, c. 40–50(70)µ in diam., circular, with 8 primary radial walls only, cell-walls very thin and obscured by glutinous secretions; cuticular membrane greatly raised from the cell-plate forming a ± spherical cavity.
Fruit usually crimson or pink, sometimes red-brown or tan, up to 3x3 cm., glutinous, subcircular or elliptic in outline, nearly glabrous except for rather inconspicuous scales, apical peg absent, wings up to 13 mm. broad, flexible and rather tenuous, stipe up to 10 mm. long.
An evergreen shrub. It can grow up to 17 m high. The bark is grey, rough and corky and flakes off. The leaf blades are hairy. The leaves are opposite. The flowers are greenish-yellow. The fruit are 2-3 cm long and wide. They have 4 wings.
Inflorescences of rather dense usually tomentose axillary spikes up to 10 cm. long, usually appearing with the young leaves; rhachis usually tomentose; bracts 1–2 mm. long, subulate, caducous.
Lower receptacle 1·2–1·3 mm. long, usually tomentose; upper receptacle 2·5 x 3·5 mm., broadly campanulate or cupuliform, usually tomentose.
Cotyledons 2, 2–2·5 x 3–4 cm., transversely elliptic, arising below soil level; petioles 4–4·5 cm. long.
Petals 1·1 x 0·6 mm., obcuneate, ciliate at the apex (except in subsp. glabrum).
Disk 2 mm. in diam. with a very short free pilose margin.
Style 6·5 mm. long, slightly expanded at the apex.
Stamen-filaments 6 mm. long; anthers 1·1 mm. long.
Sepals 1 x 1·5 mm., deltate.
Flowers sessile, yellow.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 17.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It grows on sandy soils in shrub savanna. It grows in hot drier areas at medium altitudes. It grows in rainfall of 400 mm. It grows in deep, well-drained soils. It grows between 900-1,800 m above sea level. It can grow in arid places.
More
Brachystegia and Kalahari woodland; rocky outcrops; hotter drier areas; Baikiaea woodland; Colophospermum mopane savannah woodland; Kalahari sand; dry woodlands; degraded open forests; at elevations from 100-2,000 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The powered bark is used as flavouring for cooked potherbs. It is also used to flavour marula wine. The damaged tree produces edible gum.
Uses animal food environmental use food food additive fuel gum material medicinal potherb
Edible barks fruits gums
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Combretum psidioides world distribution map, present in Angola, Botswana, Congo, Mozambique, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Combretum psidioides threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:170394-1
WFO ID wfo-0000616684
COL ID 5ZQZ5
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Combretum psidioides Combretum puetense Combretum brachypetalum Combretum omehekae Combretum psidioides subsp. glabrum Combretum psidioides subsp. psidioides

Lower taxons

Combretum psidioides subsp. dinteri Combretum psidioides subsp. psilophyllum Combretum psidioides subsp. kwinkiti Combretum psidioides subsp. grandifolium