Combretum trifoliatum Vent.

Species

Angiosperms > Myrtales > Combretaceae > Combretum

Characteristics

Climbing or scrambling shrub, 2-5 m. Young branchlets appressed fulvous-pubescent, soon glabrescent. Leaves usually 3-4-(5-)verticillate, coriaceous or subcoriaceous, elliptic to lanceolate, usually subglabrous above, glabrous below except for domatia and an occasional line of fulvous pubescence along the midrib, 8-16 by 3-5 ½ cm, normally acute and mucronulate at the apex (rarely rounded), usually slightly rounded at the base, nerves 6-8 pairs; petiole ferrugineous appress-ed-pubescent, eventually glabrescent, nigrescent and rather shiny when old, 4-7 mm long. Inflorescence a terminal or axillary panicle 8-20 cm long of spikes 2-5 cm long. Flowers 5-merous white or yellowish-white, sweet-scented, protogynous, mostly in whorls of 3. Lower receptacle (ovary) densely cinereous-or fulvous-sericeous, 1-1.2 mm long; upper receptacle shallow-cupuliform, cinereous-or fulvous-sericeous, 4/5-1 mm deep and 3-3½ mm across, with 5 ovate-triangular calyx-lobes 1 by 1.2 mm. Petals 5, narrowly elliptic, densely pubescent, 1-1.4 by 0.2-0.4 mm. Stamens 10, filaments 4-5 mm long, anthers ½ mm long, exserted. Disk glabrous inside with densely barbate margin. Style 5 mm long. Fruit sessile, narrowly ellpsoid, glabrous, shiny black-brown, (2½-)3-3½ by 1-1.2 cm with (4-)5(-6) rigid wings 3-4 mm broad.
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Climber (twiner) and scrambler. Young parts with dense, usually ± appressed brown hairs, becoming ± glabrous. Leaves opposite or in whorls of 3 or 4; lamina ovate to elliptic, 7–16 cm long, 3.5–7.5 cm wide, obtuse at base, entire margin, acute to obtuse at apex, becoming ± glabrous; petiole 3–9 mm long. Inflorescence a panicle or occasionally a simple spike, terminal and axillary. Flowers 5-merous. Calyx: receptacle 1.5–2 mm long; tube cupuliform, c. 1 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, densely sericeous; lobes narrowly triangular, c. 1 mm long, sericeous. Petals lanceolate, 1–1.2 mm long, sericeous. Staminal filaments c. 4 mm long. Disc prominent, lobed, barbate. Style c. 4 mm long. Ovules 2. Fruit narrowly ellipsoidal with 5 rigid wings, star-shaped in section, 3–4 cm long, 1–1.5 cm wide, glabrous.
A climbing shrub. It grows 15 m tall. The mature stems can be 3 cm across. The bark is flaky. The young stems twine in an anticlockwise direction. They are hairy. The leaves are opposite or usually in rings of three. They are oval and 9-13 cm long by 5-6 cm wide. The flowers have 5 petals. The fruit have 5 narrow ridges. They are 5 mm across.
Life form -
Growth form shrub
Growth support climber
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
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Mature height (meter) 5.0
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Environment

In lowlying frequently flooded areas, along banks of rivers and lakes, in bush or forest, borders of teak-forest, on limestone (Celebes) or alluvial river-clay both under everwet and seasonal conditions; fruit dispersed by wate; fl. May-Nov.
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Found in frequently flooded areas at low elevations, along banks of watercourses, in bush or forest, borders of teak forest, on limestone or alluvial clay, in everwet and seasonal climates, locally common.
It is a tropical plant. It often occurs in flooded places at low elevations.
Gallery forest.
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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses. Ridley (cf Burkill Dict. 1 1935 645 ) records the fruits as a vermifuge for Ascaris and Greshoff demonstrated a saponin in them ( Ridley Kew Bull. 1909 406 ). Edeling recorded the fruits as edible near Djakarta but this may be incorrect.
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The fruit may be occasionally eaten.
Uses material medicinal wood
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use Ascaricide (unspecified), Gingivosis (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified)
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Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
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Distribution

Combretum trifoliatum world distribution map, present in Australia, China, Indonesia, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Malaysia, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Thailand, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:170537-1
WFO ID wfo-0000616853
COL ID 5ZR3Z
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Terminalia lancifolia Embryogonia lucida Cacoucia lucida Cacoucia trifoliata Combretum subalternans Combretum trifoliatum Combretum undulatum Combretum lucidum Combretum bellum