Combretum zeyheri Sond.

Zeyher’s bushwillow (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Myrtales > Combretaceae > Combretum

Characteristics

Small to medium-sized tree up to 10(–13) m. high or rarely a shrub; bark brown or grey-brown, tessellated; branchlets light brown, pubescent.. Leaves opposite or 3-verticillate; lamina chartaceous, broadly to narrowly elliptic to obovate-elliptic or oblong-elliptic, up to 14(–16) cm. long and 8(–10) cm. wide, apex usually rounded to obtuse, sometimes acute, base usually rounded, sometimes slightly cordate, usually tomentose (when young) or pubescent to almost glabrous (except for the scales), lepidote, but scales small and rather inconspicuous; lateral nerves 5–12 pairs, somewhat prominent beneath; petiole up to 1 cm. long.. Inflorescences usually unbranched axillary spikes, up to 8 cm. long including the rather tomentose peduncle.. Flowers (fig. 3/13, p. 14) greenish yellow; odour, if any, not recorded.. Lower receptacle tomentose; upper receptacle shortly infundibuliform, ± 2.5–3 mm. long, 3 mm. in diameter, pubescent and lepidote.. Sepals triangular.. Petals obovate-spathulate to spathulate, 1.5–3 mm. long, 0.8–1.2 mm. wide, glabrous.. Stamen-filaments 5–8 mm. long, often reflexed ± 1 mm. below the anthers; anthers buff to orange, 1.5 mm. long.. Disk with pilose margin free for 1.5–2 mm.. Style precocious, 2.5 mm. long, swollen at the apex.. Fruit (fig. 4/13, p. 15) subcircular or elliptic to transversely elliptic (not in E. Africa), usually 6.5 cm. long by 5.5–6 cm. wide (rarely only 3–5 cm. long, 3–4 cm. wide, exceptionally up to 10 cm. long, 8 cm. wide), straw coloured to light brown, usually glabrescent, sometimes conspicuously lepidote on the body; apical peg very short or absent; wings up to 4 cm. wide; stipe 1–3 cm. long, usually relatively slender.. Cotyledons and scales (fig. 2/13) as for the section.
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A small to medium sized tree. It loses its leaves during the year. The trunk is short and crooked. The crown is round. The bark is smooth and light brown. The young twigs have small white hairs. The leaves are opposite and simple. They are oblong and have fine hairs. The flowers can be 7 cm long. They are in spikes in the axils of leaves. They are greenish-yellow. The flowers appear with the new leaves. The fruit has 4 wings. They are 8 cm long by 8 cm wide. They are yellowish-green but ripen to light brown.
Leaves opposite or 3-verticillate; lamina up to 14(22) x 9(11) cm., chartaceous, broadly to narrowly elliptic or obovate-elliptic or oblong-elliptic, usually tomentose (when young) or pubescent to almost glabrous (except for scales), lepidote but scales rather inconspicuous, apex usually rounded to obtuse, sometimes acute, base usually rounded, sometimes slightly cordate; lateral nerves 5–12 pairs, prominent below; petiole up to 1 cm. long.
Fruit usually c. 5·5 x 5 cm. (rarely only 3–3·5 x 3–3·5 cm. and occasionally up to 10 x 8 cm.), subcircular in outline, usually glabrescent, sometimes conspicuously lepidote on the body, apical peg very short or absent, wings up to 3·5 cm. broad, stipe 1–3 cm. long, usually relatively slender.
Cotyledons 3·5–4 x 6 cm., subcircular to transversely elliptic, with free petioles sometimes c. 2 mm. long (petioles united for the rest of their length) or the two cotyledons united completely to form a single peltate organ c. 6 cm. in diam., arising as for the section.
Small to medium-sized deciduous tree up to 10(12) m. high or rarely a shrub; crown rounded or flat-rounded; bark brown or grey-brown, smooth to scaly, generally fissured; branchlets usually tomentose.
Inflorescences usually unbranched axillary spikes up to 8 cm. long including the rather short tomentose peduncle; rhachis tomentose; bracts c. 2 mm. long, caducous.
Style c. 5 mm. long, glabrous, with swollen apex (while functional), usually exserted and rather conspicuous before the stamens appear.
Small to medium-sized deciduous tree, up to 10 m high. Fruit up to 60 mm long. Petals obovate-spathulate to spathulate, yellow.
Lower receptacle 2–3 mm. long, tomentose; upper receptacle c. 3 x 2·5–3 mm., shortly infundibuliform, pubescent and lepidote.
Stamen-filaments 5–8 mm. long, often reflexed at about 1 mm, below the anthers; anthers orange, 1·5 mm. long.
Petals yellow, 1·5–2·5 x 0·8–1·2 mm., obovate-spathulate to spathulate, glabrous.
Disk 1·8 mm. in diam. with pilose margin free for 1·5–2 mm.
Sepals 1·5–2 x 1·5–2 mm., triangular.
Flowers sessile, yellowish.
Scales as for the section.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 10.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.2
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Savannah woodland of Brachystegia-Julbernardia; dry forest and woodland; littoral forest; tree savannah etc. Locally dominant in Kenya, it is usually found on sandy soils and is very tolerant of metalliferous soils; elevations from 10-1,675 metres.
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A tropical plant. It grows in rocky and sandy soil often over limestone material. It can tolerate drought. It grows between 10-1,600 m altitude. It grows in areas with about 450 mm per year. It can grow in arid places.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The gum is considered a delicacy.
Uses animal food bee plant environmental use food fuel gum invertebrate food material medicinal social use
Edible gums
Therapeutic use Piles (unspecified), Pain (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Combretum zeyheri leaf picture by Awande Mtsetfwa (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Combretum zeyheri world distribution map, present in Angola, Botswana, Kenya, Mozambique, Malawi, Namibia, eSwatini, Tanzania, United Republic of, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Combretum zeyheri threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:170592-1
WFO ID wfo-0000616927
COL ID 5ZQRP
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Combretum bragae Combretum calocarpum Combretum lopolense Combretum platycarpum Combretum zeyheri Combretum antunesii Combretum dilembense Combretum glandulosum Combretum megalocarpum Combretum sankisiense Combretum sinuatipetalum Combretum teuszii Combretum tinctorum Combretum oblongum Combretum odontopetalum Combretum rupicolum