Commiphora caerulea Burtt

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Burseraceae > Commiphora

Characteristics

Tree 3–15 m. tall with a regular spreading crown; trunk up to 80 cm. in diameter at breast height; bark of trunk and larger branches peeling each year about July in cream-coloured papery flakes; before peeling the trunks are a distinctive pale milky blue, afterwards a rich blue-green; exudate fluid, scentless; young twigs ± 1.2 mm. in diameter, fluted, pubescent, later grey and glabrescent.. Leaves and inflorescences clustered at the ends of short-and long-shoots.. Leaves 3–9(–11)-foliolate, pubescent all over or the hairs restricted to rhachis, margins and veins; rhachis up to 12 cm. long, including a petiole up to 6 cm.; leaflets elliptic or oblong-elliptic, rounded or acute at the apex, asymmetricallly rounded or pointed basally, with 12–20 teeth all along each side and an ultimate vein-network usually prominent both above and beneath; terminal leaflet cuneate at the base, ± 5 cm. long and 3 cm. wide, laterals on average 3 × 1.7 cm.. Flowers greenish yellow appearing with, or just before the young leaves in densely pubescent subumbellate cymes on peduncles up to 20 mm. long, but usually much less, ♂ inflorescences 3–6-, ♀ 1–3-flowered; bracts linear-triangular, brown, caducous, 1–2(–5) mm. long.. Receptacle densely pubescent, tumbler-shaped, 3 mm. long, 2.3 mm. wide, Calyx divided almost to the base into triangular-ovate densely pubescent 1.7 mm. long lobes, Petals pubescent outside, oblong, narrowed and reflexed distally but with a tiny inflexed apiculum, 4 mm. long × 1.2 mm. wide; filaments 3.0 and 2.5 mm., anthers 1.0 and 0.6 mm. long, the filaments 0.7 mm. wide at the base, tapering to a pointed tip.. Fruits usually single, sometimes 2 or 3 together on a 2–11 mm. peduncle and 3–6 mm. pedicels; drupe pubescent at first, later glabrescent, flattened-ellipsoid, ± 15 × 12 mm. when fresh, ± 10 × 8 × (3 + 4) mm. when dry; pseudaril scarlet when mature, its larger lobe covering most of the fertile locule, the opposite lobe much smaller, sutural lobes absent; stone flattened-ellipsoid, indented at the base, both faces smooth and gently convex, ± 7.5 × 6.5 × (1.5 + 2 mm.).. Fig. 14/5–8.
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A deciduous tree. It has clean stems. It grows up to 13 m high. The bark is smooth and succulent and blue in colour. The leaves have 3 leaflets or there are 2 pairs of leaflets and one at the end. The leaflets are oblong and 8 cm long by 4.7 cm wide. The edges of the leaves are wavy or toothed. The flowers are small and greenish-yellow. They occur either singly or in small clusters. The fruit are almost round and 1.5 cm across. It has a thin layer of pulp.
Leaves pinnate or more rarely 3-foliolate; petiole up to 5 cm. long, pubescent; leaflets 2–3-jugate, up to 8 × 4–7 cm., elliptic or oblong-elliptic, apex acute, margin crenate-serrate, base rounded or very broadly cuneate, asymmetric, upper surface with a few scattered hairs on the nerves and midrib or glabrescent, more densely pubescent below; petiolules up to 3 mm. long, pubescent.
Fruit c. 1·5 cm. in diam., subglobose, somewhat flattened, glabrous; pseudaril covering about 3/4 of the endocarp, and becoming thin above; endocarp c. 1 × 0·8 cm., subcordiform, smooth, both faces moderately convex.
Flowers appearing with the very young leaves, in axillary dichasial cymes up to 2·5 cm. long or the female inflorescences reduced to very short 1–2-flowered cymes; branches of inflorescence greyish-pubescent.
Tree up to 12 m. tall; bark pale bluish-yellow, peeling in papery buffer straw-coloured strips; young branches greyish-pubescent.
Calyx c. 2·5 mm. long, campanulate, lobed to almost half-way, densely pilose outside.
Petals c. 3 mm. long, pilose outside except at the margins.
Stamen-filaments broadened and flattened towards the base.
Disk-lobes not developed.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality -
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 12.0 - 13.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows on thicketed ravines and rocky hill slopes.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The young roots are chewed for juices.
Uses -
Edible roots
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Commiphora caerulea world distribution map, present in Botswana, Malawi, Tanzania, United Republic of, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Commiphora caerulea threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:127608-1
WFO ID wfo-0000617204
COL ID XG3K
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Commiphora caerulea