Commiphora zanzibarica Engl.

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Burseraceae > Commiphora

Characteristics

Tree, often many-stemmed, up to 12 m. tall; bark smooth, grey, outer layer peeling in large straw-coloured pieces; slash green to cream; exudate scanty, milky, hardly scented; young shoots glabrous or minutely puberulous, fluted, 3–4 mm. in diameter.. Leaves up to 33 cm. long including a petiole up to 11 cm. and a terminal leaflet up to 10 cm. on a petiolule up to 1 cm. long, 7–9(–11)-foliolate; leaflets glabrous, oblong-elliptic, acuminate, rounded or broadly pointed at the base on petiolules 2–4 mm. long, up to 12 cm. long and 5 cm. wide.. Flowers glabrous, yellowish green or pinkish, appearing with the young leaves in narrow glabrous or subglabrous panicles which maybe up to 48 cm. long, the ♀ almost as long as the ♂, often hanging down when in fruit; bracts narrow, 1–2 mm. long or the lower ones up to 5 mm.; lateral branches up to 15 mm., pedicels up to 7 mm. long.. Receptacle obconical, ± 1.3 mm. deep and wide.. Calyx ± 3 mm., the ovate-oblong lobes ± twice as long as the tube.. Petals 4–5 mm.. Filaments 4 and 3 mm., anthers ± 0.8 mm. long.. Fruiting pedicels much thickened, up to 1 cm. long; fruit ellipsoid-obovoid, shortly beaked, probably 18 × 14 × (5+6) mm. when fresh, wrinkled and 16 × 10 × (3+4) mm. when dry; pericarp 2-valved, very fleshy, ± 3 mm. thick; pseudaril a very shallowly lobed fleshy cup ± 8 mm. deep and wide; stone smoothly convex, flattened-ellipsoid, ± 11 × 8.5 × (2.5+4.5) mm., often persistent after the 2 valves of the pericarp have fallen (perhaps because Hornbills maybe absent?).. Fig. 11/8–10, p. 68.
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Dioecious tree, often many-stemmed and up to 7 m tall; bark grey, not peeling; young branchlets shallowly fluted, glabrous. Leaves pinnate, 3-5-jugate, glabrous, green; petiole 15-60 mm long; leaflets oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic; petiolules 2-5 mm long; margins entire to finely serrate, apex obtuse to acute, base cuneate to rounded, terminal leaflet up to 70 x 35 mm, lateral leaflets up to 70 x 25 mm. Inflorescence: axillary, paniculate, simple or compound dichasial cymes. Flowers unisexual, perigynous. Pedicel 40-60 mm long, pedicel and calyx glabrous. Disc 4-lobed, adnate to hypanthium. Stamens 8. Fruit subglobose, ±18 x 15 x 15 mm, glabrous; putamen smooth; pseudo-aril red, cupular, covering lower third to half of putamen.
A shrub or tree. It grows up to 12 m high. The leaves have 3-4 pairs of leaflets and one at the end. The leaflets are 9.5 cm long by 3 cm wide. The flowers are small and creamy-green. They are in large loose heads. These can be 25 cm long. The fruit are large. They are 1.6 cm long by 0.9 cm wide. They hang downwards. They are brownish-red when mature. The stone has a fleshy, cup shaped false seed layer.
Leaves pinnate; petiole up to 13 cm. long, glabrous; leaflets 3–4-jugate, up to 9·5 × 3 cm., oblong-lanceolate, apex acute or acuminate, margin entire or undulate or very sparsely denticulate, base rounded or broadly cuneate, glabrous; petiolules up to 8 mm. long, but usually less, often with a few hairs near the point of attachment to the rhachis.
Fruit c. 1·6 × 0·9 cm., ellipsoid, apiculate, glabrous; pseudaril cupular, very fleshy, clasping the lowest third of the endocarp, margin undulate; endocarp c. 1 × 0·8 cm., ellipsoid, smooth, both faces moderately convex.
Tree, up to 7 m high. Bark grey, not peeling. Leaves pinnate, 3-5-jugate, glabrous, green; leaflets oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, margin entire, terminal leaflet up to 70 x 35 mm. Flowers yellowish green.
Flowers appearing with the leaves, in axillary paniculate cymes up to 25 cm. long; branches of inflorescence glabrous; bracteoles up to 1 mm. long, ovate; pedicels 1–3 mm. long, slender, glabrous.
Tree up to 12 m. tall; bark smooth, grey, peeling with straw-coloured strips; young branches glabrous.
Calyx c. 2·5 mm. long, campanulate, tapering to the pedicel, lobed to half-way, glabrous.
Stamen-filaments somewhat broadened towards the base, disk-lobes not developed.
Petals c. 4 mm. long.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 12.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in low altitude river valleys and in coastal thickets. It grows in ht dry places.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 5-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Commiphora zanzibarica unspecified picture

Distribution

Commiphora zanzibarica world distribution map, present in Kenya, Mozambique, Malawi, Tanzania, United Republic of, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Commiphora zanzibarica threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:127859-1
WFO ID wfo-0000617528
COL ID XGC6
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Balsamea zanzibarica Commiphora spondioides Commiphora zanzibarica