Conocarpus erectus L.

Silver-leaved buttonwood (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Myrtales > Combretaceae > Conocarpus

Characteristics

Evergreen mangrove-like shrub or tree 2-20 m, sometimes with stilt-roots. Leaves coriaceous, narrowly elliptic or sometimes elliptic, 3-12 x 0.6-3.5 cm (incl. petiole), apex tapering narrowly acute to acuminate, base gradually decurrent to narrowly acute, usually glabrous or nearly so, except often sericeous on petiole and at least basal part of midvein below; domatia conspicuous bowl-shaped pits; venation brochidodromous, secondary veins 4-7 pairs; petiole 0-3 mm long, biglandular on petiole or at base of leaf. Inflorescence axillary or terminal raceme or sparse panicle of ± globose flower-heads, up to ca. 15 cm long but usually much less, sometimes with leaves at lower nodes; possibly functionally dioecious, with range of morphological development of male and female organs, often apparently male and bisexual flowers in same head; peduncles densely silvery-sericeous; flower-heads 3-5 mm diam. Flowers 2.5-2.8 mm long (incl. calyx); lower hypanthium 0.7-1.5 x 1.4-1.7 mm in bisexual flowers, densely appressed-pubescent, upper hypanthium cupuliform, 0.8-1.2 x 1.2-1.3 mm (incl. calyx), appressed-pubescent; calyx lobes erect to incurved, 0.3-0.5 mm long; stamens (5-)10, exserted up to 2 mm in male flowers, otherwise variously shorter or aborted; disc pilose; style 0.5-1.7 mm long, often bent or with S-shaped kink, slightly exserted, glabrous. Fruits packed densely into globose to ellipsoid heads of 5-15 x 7-13 mm, only upper part of fruit exposed; fruit puberulous on convex face, glabrous on concave face, 3.7-4 x 4-4.2 mm, flattened, broadly obovate to orbicular in side view, bearing old upper hypanthium until at least maturity, ± 2-winged, wings ca. 0.5-1.5 mm wide.
More
Small tree up to about 8 m. high, sometimes sprawling or procumbent, with stilt-roots and flattened, slightly winged branchlets, usually appressed-pubescent at first, soon glabrescent. Leaves alternate, shortly petiolate or subsessile, petiole up to 4 mm. long, pubescent or glabrous with two prominent glands near the apex or at the base of the lamina, papyraceous, chartaceous or subcoriaceous, somewhat fleshy, lamina narrowly elliptic, up to 11 X 3.5 cm., often much smaller, usually glabrous, rarely very sparsely pubescent, acute and slightly acuminate at the apex, cuneate at the base and often decurrent into the petiole; midrib fairly prominent on the under surface, lateral nerves and reticulation rather inconspicuous. Flowers greenish-white, in the axils of small ovate or lanceolate ciliate bracts, aggregated in subglobose capitula, 3-5 mm. in diam., with sericeous peduncles 5-15 mm. long, forming a terminal panicle and capitula also sometimes solitary in the axils of the upper leaves. Lower receptacle (ovary) 1 mm. long, sericeous; upper receptacle (calyx) cupuliform, 1 X 1.5 mm., nearly glabrous, with lobes 0.5 mm. long. Stamens normally 10, biseriate, filaments 1.5-2 mm. long, anthers 0.5 mm. long. Disk pilose. Style 2 mm. long. Fruits squamiform, 3 X 3-3.5 mm., somewhat sericeous, recurved at the apex and often bearing the remains of the calyx, imbri-cated in a subglobose or cone-shaped structure, 1-1.5 X 0.7-1.3 cm.
A shrub or tree. It is often 1-4 m tall but can grow 20 m tall. The trunk can be 1 m across. The bark is thick and has broad plates. The leaves are simple and arranged alternately. The leaves are narrowly oval. They are 2-7 cm long by 1-3 cm wide. The flowers are small and green. The fruit are clusters of small winged seeds. They are like buttons. The seeds float.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 8.0 - 20.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Salt and brackish water in mud flats of tidal zones, usually on the landward side of the mangrove forests. It often forms an inland zone at a slightly higher altitude above the high tide level.
More
It is a tropical plant. It grows along the coast. It is resistant to salt spray. It grows in mangroves. It can grow up to 700 m above sea level. It needs to be in a sunny position.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 7-9
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses charcoal dye environmental use fuel material medicinal timber wood
Edible -
Therapeutic use Astringent (unspecified), Catarrh (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Prickly-Heat (unspecified), Styptic (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Hemorrhage (unspecified), Gonorrhea (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. It can be used for a hedge.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 20 - 30
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Conocarpus erectus habit picture by Cecilia Grimmer (cc-by-sa)
Conocarpus erectus habit picture by claire Felloni (cc-by-sa)
Conocarpus erectus habit picture by Sylvain Piry (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Conocarpus erectus leaf picture by William Dossett (cc-by-sa)
Conocarpus erectus leaf picture by c chelle (cc-by-sa)
Conocarpus erectus leaf picture by William Gustave (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Conocarpus erectus flower picture by William Gustave (cc-by-sa)
Conocarpus erectus flower picture by Renato Lima (cc-by-sa)
Conocarpus erectus flower picture by Mélanie Herteman (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Conocarpus erectus fruit picture by William Wattles (cc-by-sa)
Conocarpus erectus fruit picture by Dr Hadi Hakim (cc-by-sa)
Conocarpus erectus fruit picture by Josselin Marion (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Conocarpus erectus world distribution map, present in Angola, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Benin, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Bahamas, Belize, Bermuda, Brazil, Barbados, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Ecuador, Spain, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guadeloupe, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, French Guiana, Guam, Guyana, Jamaica, Kiribati, Liberia, Saint Lucia, Mexico, Montserrat, Martinique, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sao Tome and Principe, Suriname, Turks and Caicos Islands, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), and South Africa

Conservation status

Conocarpus erectus threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:319151-2
WFO ID wfo-0000618338
COL ID XPSX
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 629401
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Conocarpus acutifolius Conocarpus procumbens Conocarpus sericeus Conocarpus supina Conocarpus erectus f. erectus Conocarpus erectus f. sericeus Terminalia erecta Conocarpus erectus var. arboreus Conocarpus erectus var. argenteus Conocarpus erectus var. procumbens Conocarpus erectus var. sericeus Conocarpus sericeus Conocarpus erectus var. erectus Terminalia erecta var. procumbens Conocarpus erectus