Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A.Chev.

Tiplant (en), Cordyline (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asparagales > Asparagaceae > Cordyline

Characteristics

Plants erect, shrubby. Stems simple or sometimes branched, 1--3 m × 1--3 cm. Leaves petiolate; petiole 10--30 cm, channeled adaxially, base dilated, clasping stem and other petiole bases; leaf blade green or variously colored, oblong-lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, or narrowly oblong, 25--50 × 5--10 cm, midvein distinct and raised abaxially, apex aristate. Panicle 30--60 cm; branches spreading, 6--13 cm, many flowered. Flowers subsessile or shortly pedicellate; pedicel (if distinct) to 4 mm, subtended by 3 bracteoles; bracteoles ovate, 2--3 mm, margin broadly membranous, apex cuspidate. Perianth reddish, yellowish, or bluish purple; tube 5--6 mm; lobes erect or recurved, nearly as long as tube. Stamens inserted in throat of perianth, scarcely exserted. Fruit reddish, several seeded. Fl. Nov--Mar.
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An erect, suckering, clump forming, bush. It grows 2-5 m high. It reaches 1-2.5 m across. Normally the stems don't branch. Older trees form branches higher up. The stems are woody and covered with leaf scars. Often the leaves taper at the base, and have a bluntly pointed tip. The leaf petiole is broad and clasps the stem. It is short and has a channel along it. The leaves are strap shaped, and occur in a crown at the top and clustered in spirals near the end of the stem. The leaves are 75 cm long by 15 cm wide. The leaves are green. Some kinds have leaves with yellow or red stripes. They are 30-60 cm long. The flowers are 0.8 cm long and purple. It produces white to purple flowers in loose panicles, which are 30-60 cm long. The fruit are bright red berries. They are 8-12 mm across.
Shrub, often single-stemmed, usually 2–3 m high, rarely to 5 m; stems and leaves sometimes reddish. Leaves 25–80 cm long, 5–12 cm wide; lamina abruptly contracted to petiole 8–20 cm long and concave above. Panicles 20–30 cm long; scape 15–20 cm long; flowers sessile or on pedicels to 2 mm long. Sepals and petals equal, 9-12 mm long, glabrous. Fruit c. 1 cm diam., reddish.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.5
Mature height (meter) 2.5 - 3.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It needs a temperature above 13°C. Tropical and subtropical. It grows from sea level up to 2600 m altitude. It grows in rainforests. It suits humid locations. It likes moist places. It suits hardiness zones 10-12. In XTBG Yunnan.
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Often abundant in various types of forest (dry, dense, edges), on forested ridges, in thickets, and sometimes near beaches at elevations from sea level to 1,100 metres in Fiji.
Light 4-6
Soil humidity 3-6
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity 4-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-11

Usage

The starchy rhizomes can be used for food. They are baked. They are sweet. As food, the roots, although edible are rarely used. The young, unrolled leaf shoots are also eaten, cooked. They are also used for flavouring rice. The roasted roots can be fermented to make an alcoholic drink. Caution: Alcohol is a cause of cancer.
Uses animal food beverage environmental use food fuel gene source invertebrate food material medicinal social use
Edible fruits leaves roots tubers
Therapeutic use Nose Medicine (flower), Respiratory Aid (flower), Asthma (flower), Fever (flower), Nasal polyps (flower), Febrifuge (leaf), Pulmonary Aid (leaf), Sedative (leaf), Anti-inflammatory agents (leaf), Diarrhea (leaf), Dysentery (leaf), Earache (leaf), Endophthalmitis (leaf), Exanthema (leaf), Eye infections (leaf), Fever (leaf), Pain (leaf), Periodontal abscess (leaf), Stomach diseases (leaf), Ulcer (leaf), Wounds and injuries (leaf), Cough (rhizome), Diarrhea (rhizome), Dysentery (rhizome), Fever (rhizome), Stomach diseases (rhizome), Endophthalmitis (root), Exanthema (root), Fever (root), Pulmonary Aid (shoot), Ague (unspecified), Arthritis (unspecified), Dermatosis (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Gingivitis (unspecified), Hepatoma (unspecified), Insanity (unspecified), Piscifuge (unspecified), Smallpox (unspecified), Stomach (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Aphrodisiac (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Sweetener (unspecified), Tumor(Lung) (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Heart diseases (unspecified), Hemorrhage (unspecified), Neuralgia (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It is grown from cuttings of the stalk. It can also be grown from seed, suckers or division of the clump.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) 1
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Cordyline fruticosa habit picture by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-sa)
Cordyline fruticosa habit picture by Shehadi Ramiz (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Cordyline fruticosa leaf picture by jean di meglio (cc-by-sa)
Cordyline fruticosa leaf picture by Yante DuBois (cc-by-sa)
Cordyline fruticosa leaf picture by Christian (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Cordyline fruticosa flower picture by cot Emmanuelle (cc-by-sa)
Cordyline fruticosa flower picture by Chee Keong Chan (cc-by-sa)
Cordyline fruticosa flower picture by Chee Keong Chan (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Cordyline fruticosa world distribution map, present in Australia, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, China, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Fiji, Honduras, Indonesia, Jamaica, Myanmar, Nauru, Panama, Pitcairn, Puerto Rico, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Tonga, Tuvalu, United States of America, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, and Samoa

Conservation status

Cordyline fruticosa threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:533580-1
WFO ID wfo-0000764243
COL ID YCTN
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447691
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Taetsia fruticosa Terminalis fruticosa Cordyline metallica Cordyline nobilis Cordyline reali Cordyline sieberi Dracaena argenteo-striata Dracaena kewensis Dracaena leonensis Dracaena robinsoniana Dracaena splendens Dracaena stenophylla Dracaena sulcata Dracaena terminalis Calodracon heliconiifolia Taetsia ferrea Aletris chinensis Convallaria fruticosa Cordyline x amabilis Cordyline densicoma Cordyline eschscholziana Cordyline hedychioides Cordyline heliconiifolia Cordyline javanica Cordyline kewensis Cordyline regina Cordyline timorensis Dianella cubensis Dracaena alborosea Dracaena aurora Dracaena x barteti Dracaena bellula Dracaena brasiliensis Dracaena esculenta Dracaena formosa Dracaena fraseri Dracaena gloriosa Dracaena imperialis Dracaena inscripta Dracaena lineata Dracaena magnifica Dracaena metallica Dracaena pulchella Dracaena reali Dracaena reginae Dracaena x regis Dracaena rothiana Dracaena sepiaria Dracaena troubetzkoi Dracaena warocquei Draco stenophylla Dracaena neocaledonica Dracaena nigrostriata Dracaena picta Dracaena princeps Cordyline ti Dracaena guilfoylei Cordyline sepiaria Calodracon nobilis Calodracon sieberi Calodracon terminalis Cordyline cheesemanii Cordyline dennisoni Cordyline gloriosa Cordyline guilfoylei Dracaena casanovae Dracaena chelsonii Dracaena cooperi Dracaena x cuprea Dracaena illustris Dracaena lutescens Dracaena macleayi Dracaena x salviati Dracaena spectabilis Ezehlsia palma Cordyline terminalis var. baileyi Cordyline terminalis var. hedychioides Cordyline terminalis var. sieberi Taetsia fruticosa var. casanovae Cordyline terminalis var. sepiaria Cordyline terminalis var. boryi Cordyline terminalis var. ti Cordyline x baptisti Dracaena x hendersonii Taetsia fruticosa var. ferrea Cordyline x hendersonii Cordyline fruticosa