Corylus americana Walter

American hazelnut (en), Noisertier d’amerique (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Fagales > Betulaceae > Corylus

Characteristics

Shrubs , open, upright, rounded, to 3(--5) m. Bark light gray, smooth. Branches ascending; twigs pubescent, covered with bristly glandular hairs. Winter buds containing inflorescences broadly ovoid, 3--4 × 3--4 mm, apex obtuse to rounded. Leaves: petiole pubescent, densely glandular-bristly. Leaf blade broadly ovate, often with straight sides and slight lobes near apex, giving them squarish appearance, 5--16 × 4--12 cm, moderately thin, base narrowly cordate to narrowly rounded, margins sharply serrate or obscurely doubly serrate, apex abruptly to long-acuminate; surfaces abaxially sparsely to moderately pubescent, velutinous to tomentose along major veins and in vein axils. Inflorescences: staminate catkins lateral along branchlets on very short shoots, usually in clusters of 1--2, 4--8 × 0.5--0.8 cm; peduncles mostly 1--5 mm. Nuts in clusters of 2--5, sometimes partially visible; bracts much enlarged, leaflike, distinct nearly to base, slightly longer than to 2 times length of nuts, apex deeply and irregularly laciniate; bract surfaces downy-pubescent, abaxially stipitate-glandular. 2 n = 22, 28.
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Shrub 1–3 m, the young twigs and petioles ± pubescent (hairs red when young) and normally with stout, stipitate glands; lvs broadly ovate to obovate, finely doubly serrate, broadly rounded to cordate at base, paler and ± pubescent beneath; staminate catkins on short woody peduncles or branchlets; mature involucre pubescent but not bristly, 1.5–3 cm, the broad, laciniate bracts commonly separate above the nut, at least on one side; nut compressed, 1–1.5 cm, usually wider than long; 2n=22. Dry or moist woods and thickets; Me. to Sask., s. to Ga., La., and Okla.
A deciduous shrub. It grows 3 m tall. The branches are tough and flexible. The leaf stalks and twigs are covered with gland tipped hairs. The oval leaves are larger than Corylus avellana. The leaves have teeth along the edge. Male and female flowers grow on the same plant. The fruit are nuts in a fringed, green husk. The nuts are 12 mm long. They occur in clusters.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination anemogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.5
Mature height (meter) 3.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 2.0
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Thickets and rich woods. Moist to dry open woods and thickets, hillsides, roadsides, fencerows, and waste places; at elevations from sea level to 750 metres.
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They have a cold requirement of about 1000 hours below 7°C for fruit set. Cool, moist summers also assist nut production. It suits hardiness zones 4-8.
Light 4-8
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-7

Usage

The kernels of the nuts are eaten raw or used in soups, breads, cakes and candies.
Uses beverage dye eating environmental use fiber gene source insecticide material medicinal oil
Edible fruits nuts seeds
Therapeutic use Dermatological Aid (bark), Emetic (bark), Adjuvant (bark), Pediatric Aid (root), Toothache (root), Analgesic (unspecified), Antidiarrheal (unspecified), Antiemetic (unspecified), Antihemorrhagic (unspecified), Blood Medicine (unspecified), Dermatological Aid (unspecified), Gastrointestinal Aid (unspecified), Gynecological Aid (unspecified), Pediatric Aid (unspecified), Respiratory Aid (unspecified), Panacea (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Stomatitis (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed or suckers.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -30
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Corylus americana leaf picture by jeremy neuerburg (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Corylus americana fruit picture by Diane Court (cc-by-sa)
Corylus americana fruit picture by Diane Okrongly (cc-by-sa)
Corylus americana fruit picture by Debbye (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Corylus americana world distribution map, present in Åland Islands, Canada, Micronesia (Federated States of), Georgia, Malaysia, Nicaragua, and United States of America

Conservation status

Corylus americana threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:295439-1
WFO ID wfo-0000925248
COL ID YQ4X
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Corylus humilis Corylus americana f. missouriensis Corylus calyculata Corylus serotina Corylus virginiana Corylus americana f. americana Corylus americana var. calyculata Corylus americana var. indehiscens Corylus americana var. missouriensis Corylus americana var. altior Corylus americana var. americana Corylus americana