Cosmos bipinnatus Cav.

Garden cosmos (en), Cosmos (fr), Cosmos bipenné (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Cosmos

Characteristics

Erect annual, (15)-30-110 cm tall. Stems moderately to densely clothed in short hairs, becoming glabrous below, striate, much-branched above to form infl. Lvs shortly petiolate or subsessile, ovate-triangular, (1)-2-pinnate, (2)-3-12 cm long; leaflets glabrous or sparsely clothed in short hairs and ciliolate, usually linear, rarely narrow-lanceolate, 5-30 mm long. Upper cauline lvs becoming smaller and apetiolate. Capitula (25)-45-90 mm diam., in loose cymes; peduncles glabrous or sparsely hairy. Outer involucral bracts foliaceous, glabrous, green with darker lines, ovate-oblong with extended acuminate apex; inner bracts membranous, pale green to brown with dark lined centre and pale margins, ovate-triangular, obtuse to acute. Receptacular scales membranous, acuminate. Ray florets (4)-7-9; ligules pale to deep mauve-pink, pink or white. Disc florets numerous, yellow. Achenes (3)-4-angled, fusiform with attenuated beak, brown, glabrous except for short antrorse hairs toward apex, 5-12 mm long; pappus 0.
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Annual, usually single-stemmed from taproot, 0.5–1.0 (–2.0) m high, glabrous or minutely scabrid. Leaves ovate in outline, bipinnatifid, commonly 5–12 (–17) cm long, sessile or shortly petiolate; ultimate lobes thread-like, to 1.5 mm wide towards tip. Capitula radiate, terminal, solitary, cup-shaped, on long peduncles; outer involucral bracts deltoid-attenuate, 6–7 mm long, glabrous, green with darker lines; inner bracts lanceolate to broadly lanceolate or ovate, 7 mm long, pale green to brown with dark-lined centre and pale margins; paleae acuminate. Ray florets 4–9; ligules 20–40 (–50) mm long, pink, purple, purplish, rose-pink, violet or white. Disc florets 5–7 mm long, yellow. Achenes curved, 4-angled, linear-fusiform, 7–8 mm long, with attenuated beak (shorter in outer florets), with a few short hairs towards apex. Pappus awns (0–) 2 or 3 (–8), short, barbed.
Plants 30-200 cm tall, glabrous or sparsely puberulent, sometimes scabridulous. Leaves sessile or with petioles up to 1 cm; blade 6-11 cm, ultimate lobes to 1.5 mm wide, margin entire, apex acute. Capitula solitary, 3-6 cm in diam.; peduncles 10-20 cm; calycular bracts spreading, linear to lanceolate, 6-13 mm, apices acuminate; involucre 7-15 mm in diam.; phyllaries erect, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 7-13 mm, apices rounded or obtuse. Ray corollas white, pink, or purplish, lamina obovate to oblanceolate, 15-50 mm, apices ± truncate, dentate. Disk corollas 5-7 mm. Achenes 7-16 mm, glabrous, papillose; pappus absent, or of 2 or 3 ascending to erect awns 1-3 mm. Fl. Jun-Aug. 2n = 24.
Plants 30–200 cm, glabrous or sparsely puberulent, sometimes scabridulous. Leaves: petioles 0 or to 1 cm; blades 6–11 cm, ultimate lobes to 1.5 mm wide, margins entire, apices acute (indurate). Peduncles 10–20 cm. Calyculi of spreading, linear to lanceolate bractlets 6–13 mm, apices acuminate. Involucres 7–15 mm diam. Phyllaries erect, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 7–13 mm, apices round or obtuse. Ray corollas white, pink, or purplish, laminae obovate to oblanceolate, 15–50 mm, apices ± truncate, dentate. Disc corollas 5–7 mm. Cypselae 7–16 mm, glabrous, papillose; pappi 0, or of 2–3 ascending to erect awns 1–3 mm. 2n = 24.
Annual herb, up to 2.5 m high. Leaves opposite, sessile or shortly petiolate; blade ovate in outline, finely dissected, segments linear, margins entire, glabrous or thinly hispid. Heads radiate, up to 100 mm in diameter, solitary on long nude peduncles. Involucral bracts biseriate, outer row ovate with long subulate appendage, green; inner row narrowly elliptic, brownish. Receptacle paleate. Flowers: ray florets neuter, white, pink or crimson; disc florets bisexual, yellow; Dec.-Apr. Fruit with cypsela very narrowly obovate, angled, black, smooth or hispid. Pappus of 1-3 awns or absent.
Annual 6–20 dm, glabrous or minutely scabrous; lvs sessile or short-petiolate, 6–11 cm, pinnately dissected, the ultimate segments linear or linear-filiform, ca 1 mm wide or less; heads rather numerous, the disk 1–1.5 cm wide; rays ca 8, rose or lilac (white), 1.5–4 cm, often half as wide; achenes 7–16 mm, the body longer than the beak; pappus of 2 or 3 short awns, or none; 2n=24. Native of Mex. and adj. U.S., commonly cult. and casually escaped. Aug.–Oct.
Annual herb, erect, 0.6-1.3 m high. Leaves pinnatisect, 6-11 cm long, 3-5 cm wide, the segments linear, 0.4-1.2 mm wide. Capitula solitary or in few-headed cymes; peduncle 1.5-20 cm long. Ray florets 8, pink, white or red; ray 25-40 mm long; disc florets many, yellow, 6-7 mm long. Achenes 7-16 mm long, the beak 1-6 mm long; pappus of two aristae, 1-1.5 mm long.
Annual herb, up to 2.5 m high. Leaves finely dissected. Pappus awns 1-3 or absent. Flowers with white, pink or crimson rays, disc yellow.
A herb. It grows 20-200 cm tall. The leaves are 6-11 cm long and divided with sections 3-5 cm wide have final lobes 1.5 mm wide.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.5 - 1.0
Mature height (meter) 0.8 - 1.25
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Found in disturbed habitats, usually near habitation, in grasslands, weedy roadsides, muddy salt flats, roadwork stockpiles etc., on a wide range of soils, from near sea level to 930 m.
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Roadsides and waste places.
It is a tropical plant.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 2-6
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

The young leaves are cooked and eaten.
Uses environmental use material medicinal ornamental
Edible flowers leaves shoots
Therapeutic use Astringents (leaf), Antiemetics (root), Asthma (root), Expectorants (root), Parasympatholytics (root), General tonic for rejuvenation (root), Antiemetics (seed), Asthma (seed), Expectorants (seed), Parasympatholytics (seed), General tonic for rejuvenation (seed), Antifungal agents (seed), Antinematodal agents (shoot), Cancer (unspecified), Hemorrhage (unspecified), Debility (unspecified), Bite(Snake) (unspecified), Jaundice (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Anti-bacterial agents (unspecified), Conjunctivitis (unspecified), Earache (unspecified), Hemostatics (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 7 - 14
Germination temperacture (C°) 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -12
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Cosmos bipinnatus habit picture by Markus (cc-by-sa)
Cosmos bipinnatus habit picture by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)
Cosmos bipinnatus habit picture by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Cosmos bipinnatus leaf picture by matmar (cc-by-sa)
Cosmos bipinnatus leaf picture by Patrick Szewczyk (cc-by-sa)
Cosmos bipinnatus leaf picture by anglerfish anglerfish (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Cosmos bipinnatus flower picture by Elle Dimitrivich (cc-by-sa)
Cosmos bipinnatus flower picture by Hildegunde Riemann (cc-by-sa)
Cosmos bipinnatus flower picture by Angel Angel Kist (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Cosmos bipinnatus fruit picture by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)
Cosmos bipinnatus fruit picture by Daniel SOTTY (cc-by-sa)
Cosmos bipinnatus fruit picture by Karsten Hoffmeyer (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Cosmos bipinnatus world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Benin, Bangladesh, Bulgaria, Belarus, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Bhutan, Canada, China, Cameroon, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Germany, Dominican Republic, Eritrea, Spain, Estonia, Ethiopia, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Croatia, Hungary, India, Italy, Kazakhstan, Cambodia, Liberia, Morocco, Moldova (Republic of), Mexico, North Macedonia, Myanmar, Montenegro, Mozambique, Mauritius, Norway, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Réunion, Romania, Russian Federation, El Salvador, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Province of China, Ukraine, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Viet Nam, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:103086-3
WFO ID wfo-0000066682
COL ID 6B7N7
BDTFX ID 19130
INPN ID 92623
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Cosmos tenuifolia Cosmos bipinnatus Cosmea tenifolia Cosmos tenuifolius Dahlia zimapani Bidens lindleyi Galatella tenuifolia Georgia bipinnata Cosmea bipinnata Bidens formosa Coreopsis formosa Cosmos x var. alba Coreopsis formosa Cosmos x var. rosea Cosmea tenuifolia Cosmos bipinnatus var. bipinnatus Cosmos bipinnatus var. exaristatus Bidens bipinnata Cosmos formosa Cosmos bipinnatus var. typicus