Cosmos caudatus Kunth

Wild cosmos (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Cosmos

Characteristics

Erect, annual herb to 2 m tall; stems slender, terete, glabrate with occasional sturdy hairs, drying striate. Leaves to 20 cm long, 2-3-pinnatisect, the segments to 6 mm broad, apically acute, aristate; petiole slender, to 8 cm long but shorter or wanting on the uppermost leaves, the margins basally hirsute. Inflorescences of 1-3 heads in an open cluster; peduncle slender, elongate, subtended by bracts resembling reduced leaves, sometimes bearing one or more alternate, scalelike bracteoles. Heads radiate, rarely showy; involucral bracts in 2 unlike series, the outer series ca. 8, herbaceous, slender, ca. 7 mm long, the midvein basally prominent on drying, the inner series scarious, longer and broader, colored with hyaline margins; paleas resembling the innermost bracts but narrower and lacking color; ray florets mostly pink or purplish, 10-15 mm long, sometimes abortive, the limb apically entire--ar 2-3-denticulate with scattered long hairs on the dorsal surface and minutely puberulent near the base on the ventral surface; disc florets numerous, the corollas yellowish tipped, 5-6 mm long, cylindrical but expanding slightly upwards, the lobes copiously pubescent ventrally, the anthers black, ca. 2 mm long, the appendages hyaline, costate with a projection of the anther con-nective, the bases obtuse or subauriculate, the filaments inserted about 1/3 of the way up the corolla tube, puberulent, the style branches pilose, yellow, with short, acicular appendages, inserted on a 0.6 mm long, narrow, cylindrical nectary, the ovary as long as the corolla, fusiform, larger in the lower half, curved. Achene mostly black, 1-3 cm long, fusiform, compressed, sulcate, slightly curved, the upper 1/3 produced into a brown, ascending-strigose beak terminated by 2 diverging, retrorsely strigose, 3-4 mm long bristles.
More
Annual, single-stemmed, branched, 20–70 (–200) cm high, glabrous or sparsely hispid, aromatic. Leaves subdeltoid in outline, 3–4-pinnate or-pinnatipartite; petiole thin, 10–70 mm long; lamina 4–20 cm long, 3–15 cm wide; leaflets or ultimate lobes lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 2–10 mm wide, acuminate and acute, glabrous, with ciliate margins. Capitula radiate, 1–3 in terminal clusters, on thin, subglabrous peduncles 5–20 cm long; outer involucral bracts herbaceous, linear-lanceolate, 6–9 mm long, acuminate and acute, glabrous, ciliate at margins; inner involucral bracts narrowly oblong, 7–10 mm long, with hyaline margins, acute, usually pink; paleae narrowly oblong. Ray florets c. 8; ligule 10–15 mm long, usually pink to purplish or rarely white. Disc florets 7–8 mm long, yellow. Achenes fusiform-tetragonal, often curved, 10–30 (–35) mm long, with elongated hispid beak, glabrous or scabrid at base. Pappus awns 2 or 3, barbed, with barbs usually spreading or reflexed.
Plants 30–250 cm, glabrous or sparsely hispid. Leaves: petioles 1–7 cm; blades 10–20 cm, ultimate lobes 2–10 mm wide, margins spinulose-ciliate, apices acute, often mucronulate. Peduncles 10–30 cm. Calyculi of usually spreading, linear-subulate bractlets 6–10 mm, apices acuminate. Involucres 5–15 mm diam. Phyllaries erect, oblong-lanceolate, 7–11 mm, apices acute to obtuse. Ray corollas rose-pink to purple, laminae oblong-oblanceolate, 5–15 mm, apices obtusely 3-lobed. Disc corollas 5–6 mm. Cypselae 12–35 mm, glabrous or scabridulous proximally, setose distally; pappi of 2–3 widely divergent to reflexed awns 3–5 mm. 2n = 48.
An erect annual herb. It grows 0.5-2 m high. The stem has sparse hairs. The leaves are divided 2 or 3 times. They are 5-15 cm long with a leaf stalk 7 cm long. The upper segments of the leaf are oblong and 1.5-3.5 cm long by 3-6 mm wide. There is one flower head. It is 1-1.5 cm long and 5 mm wide. The dry fruit is 2-2.6 cm long.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.5 - 2.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a tropical plant. In Indonesia it grows from coastal areas up to high mountains. It needs a fertile, well-drained soil. It suits hardiness zones 7-11.
More
Recorded as a weed of roadsides, vacant areas and the margins of rainforest and vine thickets, from sea level to about 800 m.
Naturalized as a weed in waste places and along roadsides
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 1-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

The shoots are eaten raw with vermicelli. The young leaves are eaten as a vegetable. They are also cooked and added to stews. The leaves are mixed with rice to prepare yeast.
Uses environmental use food medicinal
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds. For edible leaves it is normally planted densely and harvested by thinning out.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 5 - 10
Germination temperacture (C°) 20 - 30
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Cosmos caudatus leaf picture by rahul kumar (cc-by-sa)
Cosmos caudatus leaf picture by andres hidalgo (cc-by-sa)
Cosmos caudatus leaf picture by Busy bee (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Cosmos caudatus flower picture by Emmanuelle Martin (cc-by-sa)
Cosmos caudatus flower picture by de bem gloria (cc-by-sa)
Cosmos caudatus flower picture by tovar isabel (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Cosmos caudatus world distribution map, present in Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Ecuador, Fiji, Guadeloupe, Grenada, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, India, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Mexico, Myanmar, Montserrat, Martinique, Mauritius, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Réunion, El Salvador, Suriname, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, and Samoa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:103109-3
WFO ID wfo-0000137673
COL ID 6B7MS
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 629429
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Cosmea caudata Coreopsis gracilis Bidens carnea Coreopsis coronata Bidens berteroana Cosmos caudatus var. caudatus Bidens artemisiifolia var. rubra Bidens artemisiifolia subsp. caudata Bidens caudata Cosmos caudatus