Cotinus coggygria Scop.

European smoketree (en), Sumac Fustet (fr), Arbre à perruque (fr), Sumac fustet (fr), Fustet (fr), Fustet des teinturiers (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Anacardiaceae > Cotinus

Characteristics

Shrubs, 3-5 m tall. Petiole up to 3.5 cm; leaf blade broadly elliptic to obovate, 3-8 × 2.5-6 cm, gray pubescent on both sides or more distinctly so abaxially, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex rounded to retuse, lateral veins 6-11 pairs. Inflorescence paniculate, pubescent. Pedicel 7-10 mm; flower ca. 3 mm in diam. Calyx glabrous, lobes ovate-triangular, ca. 1.2 × 0.8 mm. Petals ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 2-2.5 × ca. 1 mm. Stamens ca. 1.5 mm; anthers ovoid, equal to filaments in length. Disk 5-lobed, purplish brown. Ovary subglobose, ca. 0.5 mm in diam.; styles 3, free, unequal. Drupe reniform, ca. 4.5 × 2.5 mm, glabrous. Fl. Feb-Aug, fr. May-Nov.
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A rounded shrub. It grows 3-4.5 m tall. It loses its leaves during the year. They turn rich red before falling. The leaves are oval and green. They are about 7 cm long. They do not have teeth. They have long stalks. The flowers have smoky plumes with a pink tint which turns grey. These are in lax panicles 15-20 cm long. This is due to the fine thread like dull purple branches. The flowers and fruit are very small. The fruit are dry and flattened. They are kidney shaped and 3-4 mm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination anemogamy
Spread endozoochory
Mature width (meter) 4.0 - 8.0
Mature height (meter) 4.0 - 5.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It is frost hardy. They suit places with warm dry summers. In the Himalayas it grows between 760-1,520 m above sea level. In China (var. glaucophylla) grows between 1,300-2,400 m altitude in southern China. It can tolerate drought. It grows well in sunny places. It suits hardiness zones 5-10. At Anvers Chocolate factory. Arboretum Tasmania. In Sichuan and Yunnan.
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Dry hillsides, rocky places and open woods, usually on limestone, at elevations up to 1,600 metres.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-9

Usage

The young leaves are eaten as a potherb. They are boiled or stir fried. The fruit are edible.
Uses dye environmental use essential oil material medicinal ornamental poison potherb wood
Edible flowers fruits leaves shoots
Therapeutic use Antifungal agents (aerial part), Antiprotozoal agents (aerial part), Antiviral agents (aerial part), Central nervous system depressants (aerial part), Antineoplastic agents (leaf), Astringents (leaf), Colic (leaf), Diuretics (leaf), Dysentery (leaf), Antineoplastic agents (seed), Hepatitis (stem), Antiseptic (unspecified), Astringent (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Hemostat (unspecified), Colic (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Antiprotozoal agents (whole plant excluding root), Antiviral agents (whole plant excluding root), Cardiovascular system (whole plant excluding root)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

They can be grown from softwood cuttings. They can also be grown from seed or suckers.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -23
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Cotinus coggygria habit picture by Christoph Zirwes (cc-by-sa)
Cotinus coggygria habit picture by Rossen Vassilev (cc-by-sa)
Cotinus coggygria habit picture by Valérie (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Cotinus coggygria leaf picture by Guy Perrin (cc-by-sa)
Cotinus coggygria leaf picture by Judicaël CASTAGNET (cc-by-sa)
Cotinus coggygria leaf picture by julia burwood (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Cotinus coggygria flower picture by Mickael Bulidon (cc-by-sa)
Cotinus coggygria flower picture by Nicolas ERARD (cc-by-sa)
Cotinus coggygria flower picture by irminia (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Cotinus coggygria fruit picture by Nicola Lord Steffon (cc-by-sa)
Cotinus coggygria fruit picture by claire Felloni (cc-by-sa)
Cotinus coggygria fruit picture by Sinan Avcı (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Cotinus coggygria world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Albania, Armenia, American Samoa, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Canada, Switzerland, China, Germany, France, Georgia, Greece, Croatia, Hungary, India, Italy, Kazakhstan, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Nepal, Pakistan, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America, Uzbekistan, and South Africa

Conservation status

Cotinus coggygria threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:69498-1
WFO ID wfo-0000623618
COL ID YXRZ
BDTFX ID 19137
INPN ID 92631
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Rhus velutina Rhus obovatifolia Rhus cotinus Rhus laevis Cotinus cinerea Cotinus coriaria Cotinus cotinus Cotinus velutina Rhus cotina Cotinus coggygria var. chengkouensis Cotinus coggygria var. cinereus Cotinus coggygria subsp. glabra Cotinus coggygria var. pendulus Cotinus coggygria var. pubescens Cotinus coggygria var. velutinus Cotinus coggygria var. laevis Cotinus coggygria f. atropurpureus Cotinus coggygria f. pendulus Cotinus ellipticus Cotinus coggygria var. parvifolia Cotinus coggygria var. glaucophylla Cotinus coggygria