Cotula coronopifolia L.

Common brassbuttons (en), Cotule Pied-de-corbeau (fr), Cotule à feuilles de sénebière (fr), Cotule pied-de-corbeau (fr), Corne-de-cerf (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Cotula

Characteristics

Spreading perennial or annual herb. Stems 20-300 mm decumbent, glabrous, spongy, 3.0-6.0 mm in diameter. Leaves alternate, spreading, entire to apically trifid or sometimes regularly pinnate to bi-pinnate (Namaqualand populations), 4.0-55.0 x 6-18 mm; base dilated, forming a prominent sheath around the stem, sheath 4.0-6.0 mm long; lobes 2.5-45.0 x 1.0-5.0 mm, flat, turgid, light to dark green, sometimes purplish, glabrous, apices obtuse, margin entire to irregularly serrate. Capitula heterogamous, disciform, solitary, terminal, pedunculate, peduncle glabrous to sparsely hairy, 3.0-70.0 mm. Involucre hemispherical, 4.0-6.0 x 5.0-10.0 mm, 1-seriate, sometimes 2-seriate; bracts oblong to lanceolate, 3.5-5.0 x 1.0-1.5 mm, glabrous, green to yellowish brown, opaque, apex and margins scarious, one to three veined, secondary venation obscure. Receptacle flat, epaleate; pedicels linear, 0.4-1.2 mm at anthesis, uniform, attaching to floret apically. Disciform florets female, 25 to 30, in single outer series, corolla absent, style 0.25-0.3 mm, ovary marginally winged, glabrous to sparsely hairy on inner face. Disc florets bisexual, ca. 35 to 50, corolla 1.4-1.8 mm long, yellow, oblong, tube draped basally over ovary apex, longitudinal resin canals sometimes present, limb slightly wider than tube, 4 lobed; lobes triangular, upright to spreading, dorsally tuburculate, not glandular; anthers 0.5-1.2 mm long (including apical appendages), ecaudate, apical appendages ovate, acute; style terete with thickened base; branches truncate, papillate apically-dorsally; ovary marginally ribbed. Cypselas heteromorphic; disciform cypselas ovoid, ca. 1.2 x 0.9 mm, marginally winged, wings ± equal to width of ovary, base cordate, inner face glabrous to sparsely hairy; disc cypselas ovoid, ca. 1.5 x 0.5 mm, marginally ribbed, glabrous.
More
Ascending to erect, fleshy, glabrous annual or short-lived perennial up to 30 cm tall. Stems terete, branched from base and above, up to 25-(40) cm long, rooting freely from lower nodes. Lvs fleshy, alternate, apetiolate, linear, lanceolate or spathulate, entire, with few irregular large lobes, or shallowly 1-(2)-pinnatisect, usually perfoliate, rarely amplexicaul, (10)-15-80 mm long; lvs above becoming shorter, more triangular, less often divided and more often amplexicaul. Involucral bracts in 2-3 rows, 4-6 mm long. Capitula solitary, bright yellow, (6)-8-10-(13) mm diam.; peduncles scarcely expanded at apex, solid, 2-7 cm long, c. 1 mm diam.; ♀ florets in 1 or < 1 row, pedicellate, with a corolla; ☿ florets numerous, subsessile, with flattened tubular corolla. Achenes all flattened, hairy on inner surface, glabrous on outer. Achenes of ♀ florets 1.5-2 × 1-1.2 mm; lateral angles with thick, corky, entire, marginal wings. Achenes of ☿ florets 1.1-1.2 × 0.5-0.6 mm; lateral angles thinly ribbed.
Perennials to c. 30 cm high, glabrous. Leaves to c. 8 cm long, acutely lobed or 1-pinnatisect, rarely entire with l: w ratio up to 8, or sub-2-pinnatisect. Capitulum 5–12 mm diam.; peduncle mostly 2–8 cm long, 0.3–1.0 mm wide (pressed specimens), not obconical distally; involucral bracts numerous; outer bracts narrowly ovate or oblong, 3–5 mm long, rounded at apex. Marginal florets numerous, c. 1-seriate, with pedicels 1–1.8 mm long tapering distally. Disc florets bisexual, numerous, with pedicels longer than wide; corolla c. 1 mm long; limb bright yellow. Achenes of marginal florets 1.5–2 mm long; faces broadly oblong, papillose on inner face; wing spongy, c. as broad as body. Achenes of disc florets c. 1.3 mm long, ±oblong, papillose on inner face.
Somewhat fleshy glab. perennial herb with stems branched from base. Stems and lowest branches decumbent, creeping and rooting, then erect to ascending, up to 3 dm. tall, but often reduced to < 10 cm. under adverse conditions. Lamina (12)-50-80 mm. long, entire, narrow-oblong to lanceolate, widened to amplexicaul base; or more usually irregularly pinnatifid with 3 to many pinnae or lobes. Scapes slender, axillary and terminal, of diverse length. Capitula ± 8-10 mm. diam.; phyll. membr., narrow-oblong, obtuse; receptacle ± convex, finally us. strongly so. Florets bright yellow, ♀in 1 series on slender flattened pedicels; disk-florets perfect, us.∞, hardly pedicelled. Achenes broad-cylindric, ± compressed, with broad spongy wings.
Essentially glabrous, somewhat succulent perennial 5–30 cm tall, often trailing; lvs sessile, with subscarious sheathing base, entire or with a few coarse teeth or deep narrow lobes, narrowly oblong or lanceolate to linear, 1–6 cm × 1–10 mm, or broader when lobed; heads solitary at the ends of the branches; disk 5–11 mm wide; pistillate fls in a single series, without cor; achenes of the outer fls broadly winged, shorter than the stipe, the others merely 2-nerved, short-stipitate, the stipes persistent on the receptacle; 2n=20. Tidal flats, wet meadows, and other moist places; native of S. Afr., occasionally found from Que. to Mass. in our range. July–Aug.
Ascending or decumbent annual or perennial herb, 300-500 mm high, rooting at nodes. Leaves alternate, broadly linear or sublanceolate, irregularly toothed to bipinnatisect, succulent, sheathing at base. Capitula disciform, solitary, on slender, minutely leafy peduncles; involucral bracts in several rows, linear, obtuse, with membranous tip. Outer female florets in 1 row, corolla absent. Disc florets 4-lobed, bright yellow. Flowering time Aug.-May. Pappus absent. Cypselae of outer female florets winged and emargi-nate, those of disc florets turbinate.
Erect or sprawling perennial, up to 300 mm tall, often rooting at nodes, stems thick. Leaves alternate, sheathing at base, irregularly toothed to bipinnatisect, ± succulent. Flowerheads disciform, solitary on slender, minutely leafy peduncles; outer female florets in 1 row, corolla absent; disc florets bisexual, bright yellow. Cypselas of outer female florets winged and notched, of disc florets top-shaped; pappus absent.
Ascending or decumbent herb, 300-500 mm tall. Leaves broadly linear or sublanceolate, irregularly toothed, sheathing at base. Heads solitary; involucral bracts linear, obtuse, with membranous tip. Flowers bright yellow.
Erect or sprawling annual to 30 cm. Leaves alternate, sheathing at base, irregularly toothed to bipinnatisect. Flower heads disciform, solitary, on slender, minutely leafy peduncles, bright yellow.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) 0.3 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.2 - 0.3
Root system creeping-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Grows in damp or wet places in both saline and fresh water.
More
Marshland in Britain.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 7-10
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-9

Usage

Uses dye
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by divisions or seedlings.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 14 - 41
Germination temperacture (C°) 10
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Cotula coronopifolia habit picture by huy HO (cc-by-sa)
Cotula coronopifolia habit picture by Uxeli (cc-by-sa)
Cotula coronopifolia habit picture by Uxeli (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Cotula coronopifolia leaf picture by michel cosme (cc-by-sa)
Cotula coronopifolia leaf picture by beurny (cc-by-sa)
Cotula coronopifolia leaf picture by Bruno Vanstaevel (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Cotula coronopifolia flower picture by Cristiano (cc-by-sa)
Cotula coronopifolia flower picture by haverkort bertus (cc-by-sa)
Cotula coronopifolia flower picture by ursus (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Cotula coronopifolia world distribution map, present in Angola, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Germany, Denmark, Algeria, Ecuador, Spain, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Greece, India, Italy, Morocco, Mexico, Namibia, Netherlands, Norway, New Zealand, Peru, Portugal, Paraguay, Tunisia, Uruguay, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:198443-1
WFO ID wfo-0000132807
COL ID YYML
BDTFX ID 19248
INPN ID 92723
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Cotula integrifolia Cotula montevidensis Lancisia coronopifolia Cotula coronopifolia var. minima Cotula coronopifolia var. coronopifolia Cotula coronopifolia