Crassula ovata Druce

Jade plant (en), Crassule (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Saxifragales > Crassulaceae > Crassula

Characteristics

Perennial shrubs 1-1.5(-2.5) m high, with stems often up to 0.2 m in diameter, much branched, with old leaves deciduous. Leaves usually sessile or with petiole up to 4 mm long; lamina elliptic to elliptic-oblanceolate, 20-30(-40) x 10-18(-22) mm, with pointed or mucronate apex, cuneate towards base, dorsiventrally flattened but slightly convex on both surfaces, green, often shiny, with or without red horny margin. Inflorescence a round-topped thyrse with 1-several dichasia; peduncle 10-30(-40) mm long. Calyx: lobes broadly triangular, 1-2 mm long, pointed and with distinct ridge towards apices, fleshy, glabrous, green. Corolla star-shaped, fused at base for 0.5-1 mm, white often tinged pink; lobes elliptic-lanceolate, (5-)7-10 mm long, sharply pointed and more or less hooded, slightly ridged, spreading at about right angles to pedicels. Stamens with purple anthers. Squamae transversely oblong, 0.2-0.5 x 1-1.5 mm, truncate or emarginate, scarcely constricted towards base, fleshy, pale yellow.
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Perennial shrub, succulent, 1.0-2.5 m high, much branched, old leaves deciduous. Leaves elliptic to oblanceolate, 20-30 x 10-18 mm, pointed or mucronate, cuneate towards base, convex on both surfaces, entire with or without red horny margins, green, shiny, older leaves with silvery scales; petioles absent or short. Inflorescence a rounded thyrse, several dichasia; peduncles 10-30 mm long. Calyx fleshy, glabrous, green, distinct ridge towards apex. Corolla star-shaped, fused at base, white tinged pink; lobes 7-10 mm long, sharply pointed, slightly hooded and slightly ridged, spreading at right angles. Flowering time May-Sept.
Leaves 2-5 x 1-3 cm., obovate or broadly elliptical to obovate-spathulate, shortly acuminate and acute or subrounded at the top, entire and reddish at the sharply edged margin, attenuate towards a subpetiolar base, subconnate when young, free with age, fleshy, flattened, slightly concave above and slightly convex beneath, with nectary dots in one row on both sides near the margin (but dots also scattered on both surfaces), green and shining when fresh, dark brown and ± covered with a micaceous caducous peeling layer when dry, ± condensed at the extremities of the branchlets, longer than the internodes.
A succulent bush or tree. It grows up to 4.5 m tall. The trunk is thick and silvery brown. The twigs are thick and silvery. These thick rubbery branches are easily broken. The leaves are fleshy and without stalks. They are short and broad and carried in opposite pairs. Each pair is arranged at right angles to the next. The flowers are small, pink and star shaped. They occur in clusters at the ends of branches. The fruit are small capsules with many very small seeds.
Calyx ± 5 mm. in diam., campanulate to nearly saucer-shaped; sepals 1·15 mm. high and ± 1·5 mm. broad at the base, broadly triangular, acute, connate for ± 1 mm., separated by a rounded sinus, fleshy, their external surface similar to that of the leaves.
Shrub to 2 m. Leaves opposite, mostly sessile, elliptic-oblanceolate, sometimes with reddish, horny margin. Flowers in rounded, terminal clusters, stellate, white, sometimes tinged pink, petals 6-10 mm long.
Corolla white or faintly rose; petals (5)6·25-7·5(10) mm. long, oblong or lanceolate, keeled, acute, mucronate at the apex, slightly connate at the base, spreading.
Flowers 5-merous, arranged in terminal, ± dense to loose corymbose, pedunculate inflorescences; peduncles 1-4 cm. long; pedicels 4·5-8 mm. long.
Stamen-filaments 4-5·5 mm. long; anthers fertile c. 0·5 mm. broad, transverse-oblong, or.sterile c. 0·75 mm. long and oblong or lanceolate.
Stem up to 20 cm. in diam. at the base, subterete, succulent, greyish; branches denuded, ± marked with the scars of the fallen leaves.
A large, much branched, completely glabrous, very floriferous shrub, 0·6-3 m. or more high.
Follicles 3-3·25 mm. long, obliquely oblong-ovoid; styles 2-3 mm. long, filiform.
Scales broader than long.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.75 - 1.25
Mature height (meter) 1.0 - 2.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway cam

Environment

It is a subtropical plant. It grows on rocky hillsides. It can grow in an average to poor, well-drained soil. It can grow in dry soils. It can grow in arid places. It suits hardiness zones 10-11. Brisbane Botanical Gardens.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 1-5
Soil texture 7-8
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The roots have been eaten by Hottentots. They are grated, cooked and eaten.
Uses environmental use food medicinal
Edible roots tubers
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

They are easily grown from seed, or cuttings. Seeds are very small. The cuttings need to be kept fairly dry to prevent rots.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) 1
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Crassula ovata habit picture by Johnny Poppyseed (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Crassula ovata leaf picture by Rober Planta (cc-by-sa)
Crassula ovata leaf picture by Riley Evans (cc-by-sa)
Crassula ovata leaf picture by Anne Mennessiez (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Crassula ovata flower picture by lsusr lsusr (cc-by-sa)
Crassula ovata flower picture by Smiley RamirezRodriguez (cc-by-sa)
Crassula ovata flower picture by Kanaren Pieper (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Crassula ovata world distribution map, present in Dominican Republic, Spain, Haiti, Italy, Mozambique, New Zealand, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:273350-1
WFO ID wfo-0000625299
COL ID Z7F5
BDTFX ID 85789
INPN ID 445590
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Crassula argentea Cotyledon lutea Cotyledon ovata Crassula articulata Crassula lucens Crassula portulacea Crassula obliqua Toelkenia ovata Crassula nitida Crassula ovata