Crescentia cujete L.

Common calabash tree (en), Calebassier (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Bignoniaceae > Crescentia

Characteristics

Tree to 10 m tall and 30 cm d.b.h., the branches usually crooked, the crown open; branchlets mostly lacking, smaller branches thick, subterete, with alter-nate short-shoot projections each bearing a fascicle of leaves from its center. Leaves of various sizes within each fascicle, simple, obovate, the tip obtuse to acute, the base attenuate, petiole lacking, 3.4-26 cm long and 1.0-7.6 cm wide, chartaceous to rigid-chartaceous, secondary veins 5-14 on a side, the midvein raised above; lepidote above and beneath, otherwise glabrous above, beneath pubescent along midvein with simple and forked trichomes, plate-shaped glands at base of blade beneath, drying grayish-olive. Inflorescence one or 2 cauliflorous flowers borne on larger branches or trunk, the pedicels lepidote, 1.5 cm long. Flowers with a musty odor, calyx bilabiately split to the base, each lobe 1.8-2.6 cm long and 1.3-2.4 cm wide, mostly glabrous with plate-shaped glands on the upper half of lobes, slightly lepidote at the base; corolla off-white to yellowish-white with purplish venation on the lobes and purplish lines on the tube out-side, tubular with a transverse fold midway across the lower side of the throat, fleshy, 4.1-7.4 cm long and 3.1-4.5 cm wide at the mouth of the tube, the tube 2.8-4.5 cm long, the lobes triangular with the apex extended as a narrow point, 2.5-3.1 cm long, sparsely lepidote or stalked-lepidote on the tube outside and near the mouth of tube inside, more densely so at the level of stamen insertion, papillate-glandular on the lobes outside and sparsely so inside; stamens sub-exserted, the anther thecae thick, partially divergent, 5-8 mm long and 2.5-3.5 mm wide, the anterior filaments 2.8-3.2 cm long and inserted 6-11 mm from the base of the tube, the posterior filaments 2.8&-3.3 cm long, inserted 7-15 mm from the base of the tube, the staminode 1-3 mm long, inserted 5-11 mm from the base of the tube; pistil 4.0-4.9 cm long, the ovary rounded conical, 5-7 mm long and 4-7 mm wide, 3-6 mm thick, lepidote, the ovules multi-seriate on 4 placentae; disc annular-pulvinate, 3-4 mm long and 8-11 mm wide. Fruit a pepo or calabash, spherical to ovoid-elliptic, 13-20 cm in diameter to 30 cm long, the thin hard shell smooth, lepidote-punctate; seeds small, thin, wingless, 7-8 mm long and 4-6 mm wide, scattered through the pulp of the fruit.
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Crooked tree to 10 m, 30 cm Ø. Leaves in scattered bundles on the rough twigs, obspathulate, sometimes short-acuminate, without petiole, up to 26 by 7½ cm. Flowers solitary or in pairs on the twigs, of a musty odor; calyx 2-lobed to the base; corolla 4-7 cm, dirty white or pale greenish, purplish veined, finally turning dull purplish, the wide tube with a transversal fold. Fruit broad-ellipsoid to globular, 13-20 by up to 30 cm, indehiscent, with a hard shell.
A shrub or tree. It grows to 10 m tall. It is evergreen. The leaves are arranged in spirals and are long and narrow. They are simple and dark green. They are 27 cm long. The bark is deeply cracked and corky. The flowers are round and bell shaped. They grow in long drooping heads. The fruit hangs like balls on long stalks. The fruit are 30 cm long by 18 cm wide. They are green. They have a hard outer rind and white pulp containing seeds.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 10.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.9
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It does best in warm moist conditions. It cannot stand frost while young. It can grow in arid places. It suits hardiness zones 11-12. In Cairns Botanical Gardens. In XTBG Yunnan.
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Coastal scrub, dry lowlands in clearings. Roadsides, old pastures, thickets and woodland margins at elevations from sea level to 420 metres in Jamaica.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The young fruit are eaten cooked or pickled. The seeds are eaten, roasted. They are also roasted and mixed with wheat to make a coffee. The seeds yield an oil. The seeds are used to make a syrup. They are ground and mixed with sugar and water and boiled. The leaves are cooked in soups.
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Uses. The pulp is sometimes used for medicinal purpose and the hard shells are commonly in use for drinking cups, vessels, and carving.
Uses animal food coffee substitute environmental use food gene source invertebrate food material medicinal oil poison vertebrate poison wood
Edible fruits leaves seeds
Therapeutic use Antiprotozoal agents (aerial part), Anti-infective agents, local (bark), Headache (bark), Wounds and injuries (bark), Antipyretics (fruit), Diuretics (fruit), Headache (fruit), Laxatives (fruit), Cooling effect on body (fruit), Anti-bacterial agents (leaf), Antifungal agents (leaf), Headache (leaf), Abortifacient (unspecified), Abortifacient(Veterinary) (unspecified), Ache(Ear) (unspecified), Headache (unspecified), Anodyne (unspecified), Antidote(Hippomane) (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Astringent (unspecified), Bite(Snake) (unspecified), Chest (unspecified), Chest-Cold (unspecified), Cold (unspecified), Cut(Coral) (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Cyanogenetic (unspecified), Depurative (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Douche (unspecified), Dysmenorrhea (unspecified), Ecbolic (unspecified), Emetic (unspecified), Emmenagogue (unspecified), Emollient (unspecified), Expectorant (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Flu (unspecified), Hair-Tonic (unspecified), Hydragogue (unspecified), Hypertension (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Internulcer (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Lice (unspecified), Lung (unspecified), Mange (unspecified), Neuralgia (unspecified), Palpitation (unspecified), Parturition (unspecified), Pectoral (unspecified), Pneumonia (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Preventitive(Hippomane) (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified), Refrigerant (unspecified), Respiratory (unspecified), Styptic (unspecified), Testicle (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Vulnerary (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Wound(Veterinary) (unspecified), Apertif (unspecified), Catarrh (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Erysipelas (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Aperient (unspecified), Aphrodisiac (unspecified), Bruise (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Intestine (unspecified), Mange(Veterinary) (unspecified), Poultice (unspecified), Puerperium (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Tranquilizer (unspecified), Antiprotozoal agents (whole plant excluding root)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed or cuttings. It can also be grown by air-layering.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Crescentia cujete leaf picture by seckler marcelo (cc-by-sa)
Crescentia cujete leaf picture by seckler marcelo (cc-by-sa)
Crescentia cujete leaf picture by Raul Vaquer (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Crescentia cujete flower picture by seckler marcelo (cc-by-sa)
Crescentia cujete flower picture by seckler marcelo (cc-by-sa)
Crescentia cujete flower picture by Moura Vanessa (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Crescentia cujete fruit picture by Venegas-Elizondo Carlos (cc-by-sa)
Crescentia cujete fruit picture by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-sa)
Crescentia cujete fruit picture by Cameron Waibel (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Crescentia cujete world distribution map, present in Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Benin, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Bahamas, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Barbados, Central African Republic, Cook Islands, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Ecuador, Fiji, Ghana, Guinea, Guadeloupe, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, Cambodia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Liberia, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Mexico, Montserrat, Martinique, Mauritius, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Réunion, El Salvador, Suriname, Chad, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Province of China, United States of America, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Crescentia cujete threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:319161-2
WFO ID wfo-0000782030
COL ID ZF3R
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 446992
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Crescentia acuminata Crescentia cujete Crescentia plectantha Crescentia pumila Crescentia spathulata Crescentia latifolia Crescentia angustifolia Crescentia arborea Crescentia cuneifolia Crescentia fasciculata Crescentia cujete var. puberula