Crinum bulbispermum (Burm.F.) Milne-redh. & Schweick.

Hardy swamplily (en), Crinole (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asparagales > Amaryllidaceae > Crinum

Characteristics

Bulbs 7-13 cm diam. near the base and narrowing gradually towards the apex (not abruptly narrowed into a neck). Leaves glaucous green, sheathing at the base to form a false stem up to about 30 cm high, flaccid, arcuate, the outermost the broadest, up to 11 cm broad, all with a narrow cartilaginous border and scattered minute cartilaginous teeth or hairs, several to many new leaves complete with tip produced in the centre. Peduncle from 50-90 cm long, up to 2.5 cm broad and 1.5 cm thick. Spathe-valves up to about 8 cm long, 3.5 cm broad at base, becoming chartaceous but not very thin and reflexed at least the upper half; bracteoles linear. Umbels 6-16-flowered. Pedicels of different lengths, 4-9 cm long. Perianth normally with a long cylindrical tube up to 11 cm long, rarely tube only about 5 cm in young flowers; segments conniving in a narrow funnel with the apices sub-spreading or slightly recurved, white with a dark red keel or entirely suffused with red and the keel very dark red, 6-10 cm long, the outer about 2 cm wide, the inner about 3 cm wide about the middle or in upper half, apical peak on inner segments broadly acuminate short and blunt, on the acuminate outer segments 2-4 mm long with minute papillose hairs on inner base. Stamens declinate white or partly suffused with deep pink; anthers greyish or light brown; style deep pink in the upper portion, stigma small. Fruit subglobose, green, partly suffused with red-purple, 3-7 cm in diam., crowned with a ring but not beaked. Seeds large 1-2 cm diam., appearing smooth when turgid, reticulate later.
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Perennial herb, up to 0.9 m high. Leaves bluish grey-green, folded upwards, > 50 mm broad at middle; new leaves many. Flowers: perianth tube long, > 70 mm long; perianth segments ± as long as or shorter than tube, forming a narrow trumpet-shape; anthers grey or brown; old flowers drying pink or red; perianth white with a dark red keel; Sep.-Nov. Fruit an indehiscent, subglobose capsule, not beaked, tipped with a ring.
Bulbs 8–10 × 6–8 cm. Leaves 5–8 dm × 3–5 cm; blade lorate. Scape 4–7.5 dm. Umbels 8–13-flowered. Flowers: perianth pink to red, funnelform, tube narrow, 5–10 cm, limb lobes lanceolate-linear, lanceolate-elliptic, or lanceolate-ovate, 6–11 × 1–1.7 cm; pedicel (2–)4–6 cm. Capsules not seen at maturity, beak very short to absent.
A herb which has a bulb and is dormant for part of the year. It grows 1 m tall. The leaves are flat and strap shaped. They are 60-90 cm long. There are teeth along the edge. The flowers are funnel shaped and have purple or white streaked lobes. The tube of the flower is green. The flower can be 12 cm long and is curved.
Perennial herb, up to 0.9 m high. Leaves over 50 mm broad at middle. Perianth segments forming a narrow trumpet shape. Anthers grey or brown. Old flowers drying pink or red. Fruit not beaked. New leaves many. Flowers white with a dark red keel.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.6
Mature height (meter) 0.95
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It cannot stand frost. It needs a warm sheltered position. It suits hardiness zones 7-10. It needs a reasonably fertile and well drained soil. It does best in full sun but can stand light shade. In Brisbane Botanical gardens.
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Seasonal pools, marshes and the banks of rivers.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 3-5
Soil texture 2-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-9

Usage

Caution: Poisonous
Uses environmental use medicinal poison
Edible bulbs roots
Therapeutic use Insect repellents (leaf), Charm (unspecified), Lactogogue (unspecified), Cold (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be grown from offsets of the bulb or by dividing the clump.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -11
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Flower

Crinum bulbispermum flower picture by Todd Allen (cc-by-sa)
Crinum bulbispermum flower picture by Nelson Maqholo (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Crinum bulbispermum world distribution map, present in Åland Islands, Cuba, Honduras, Lesotho, Nicaragua, eSwatini, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:63828-1
WFO ID wfo-0000764436
COL ID ZGPK
BDTFX ID 76338
INPN ID 160295
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Amaryllis bulbisperma Amaryllis capensis Amaryllis riparia Crinum capense Crinum bulbispermum Crinum govenium Crinum riparium Crinum spofforthianum Erigone govenica Amaryllis longifolia var. riparia Crinum bulbispermum var. sanguineum