Crocosmia aurea Planch.

Falling stars (en), Crocosmia doré (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asparagales > Iridaceae > Crocosmia

Characteristics

Plants 400-700 mm high. Corm subglobose, 15-20 mm diam., producing long, slender stolons up to 200 mm long terminating in new plants; tunics papery, soft-textured. Stem usually 2-to 4-branched. Leaves sword-shaped, reaching ± to base of spike, (10-)20-30 mm, wide, fairly soft-textured, plane with prominent main vein, margins not raised. Spike arching toward ground, fairly lax, up to 10-flowered; bracts straw-coloured to pale orange, becoming dry, 7-15 mm long. Flowers actinomorphic, pendent, salver-shaped with tube arching toward ground, orange, pale in throat, occasionally tepals marked darker orange to brown above base, unscented; perianth tube slender, widening slightly toward mouth, 18-27 mm long; tepals spreading or slightly recurved, 30-35(-40) x 8-12 mm. Filaments clasping style below, diverging above, usually white, 20-35 mm long; anthers 7-10 mm long, light orange; pollen orange or yellow. Style directed toward ground, mostly 30-45 mm long, dividing opposite anthers, branches diverging, 4-8 mm long. Capsules depressed-globose, 3-lobed, showing outline of seeds, orange inside. Seeds globose, up to 4 per locule, ± 4 mm diam., dark brown to blackish, coat initially slightly fleshy, wrinkled when dry.
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Plants usually 60-100 cm. high.. Corms 1-2 cm. diameter, producing stolons up to 18 cm. long, tunics membranous, almost papery, brown.. Foliage leaves several, plane, linear-lanceolate, shorter or longer than the stems, thin-textured.. Stem arching outward above, unbranched or (2-)3-4-branched.. Spike 4-12-flowered, strongly arched, usually flexuose, the branches diverging; bracts firm, green or becoming brown, 5-8(-15) mm. long, the outer acute, acuminate or 2-3-toothed, the inner 2-toothed.. Flowers actinomorphic, hypocrateriform, usually facing the ground, bright orange (rarely with dark markings at the tepal bases); perianth-tube cylindric-curved, 1-1.6(-2.2) cm. long, barely expanded above; tepals subequal, narrowly elliptic, obtuse, spreading horizontally, 1.2-2.8 cm. long, 3-6 mm. wide.. Filaments 1.2-3 cm. long, erect, exserted for most of their length, surrounding the style; anthers 3-7 mm. long, whitish to orange.. Style almost central, dividing opposite the anthers, branches 2-5 mm. long.. Capsules depressed globose, bright orange-red on the inside, ± 1 cm. long, 1.2-1.5 cm. diameter.. Seeds 1-2(-4) per locule, blackish, glossy, 4-5 mm. in diameter.. Fig. 10.
Perennial herb, geophyte, 0.45-1.60 m high; corm almost globose, forming stolons, tunics papery; stem erect, 7-10-ribbed. Leaves ensiform, acuminate, 200-600(-1200) x 10-30 mm; midvein prominent, margins hyaline. Bracts straw-coloured to pale orange, almost triangular, outer acuminate, 2-or 3-toothed, inner bidentate with acuminate teeth. Inflorescence a raceme of spikes, arching slightly towards ground, with ascending-spreading branches; flowers golden-orange, actinomorphic, salver-shaped; tube cylindrical, curved or nodding; lobes elliptical, spreading horizontally. Stamens exserted, symmetrically arranged, directed downwards, clasping style below; filaments white; anthers light orange; pollen orange or yellow. Style yellow, exserted, directed towards ground. Flowering time Dec.-Mar. Capsule depressed-globose, 3-lobed.
Flowers bright-orange (rarely with dark markings at the tepal bases), actinomorphic, hypocrateriform, usually directed toward the ground; perianth tube cylindric-curved, 10–16(22) mm long, barely expanded above; tepals subequal, 12–28 × 3–6 mm, narrowly elliptic, obtuse, spreading horizontally.
Geophyte, up to 1 m high. Perianth tube less than twice the length of the segments. Leaves usually up to 20 mm wide, linear-lanceolate with numerous closely spaced veins. Perianth salver-shaped. Stamens and style widely exserted. Peduncle ribbed. Flowers bright golden-orange or reddish orange.
A herb. It keeps growing from year to year. It grows 60-100 cm tall. It has oval tubers or corms. It has creeping stems. The leaves are in 2 ranks. They clasp one another at the base. They are 2-3 cm wide. The leaf blades are ribbed. The flowers are trumpet shaped. They are orange or yellow.
Spike 4–12-flowered, strongly arched, usually flexuous: bracts firm, green or becoming brown, 5–8(15) mm long, the outer acute to acuminate or 2–3-toothed, the inner 2-toothed.
Stamens symmetrically disposed; filaments 12–30 mm long, erect, exserted for most of their length, surrounding the style; anthers whitish to orange, 3–7 mm long.
Cormous geophyte, 40-130 cm. Leaves linear-lanceolate. Flowers actinomorphic, nodding, orange, filaments elongate.
Corms 10–20 mm in diameter, producing stolons up to 18 cm long; tunics membranous, almost papery, brown.
Foliage leaves several, shorter or longer than the stems, linear-lanceolate, plane, thin-textured.
Capsules c. 10 mm long, 12–15 mm in diameter, depressed globose, bright orange-red on the inside.
Seeds 1–2(4) per locule, blackish, glossy, 4–6 mm in diameter, globose, later becoming wrinkled.
Stem arching outward above, unbranched or (2)3–4-branched with the branches diverging.
Style almost central, dividing opposite the anthers, branches 2–5 mm long.
Plants usually 60–100 cm high.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.1 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.6 - 1.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It will grow in most well-drained soils. It needs an open sunny position. It is resistant to frost and drought. It grows between 1,500-2,000 m above sea level. It grows on the edges of forests.
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Shady forest areas in moist country, at elevations from 2,000-2,500 metres. Especially common in conifer plantations. Mostly in forest margins and clearings in areas of high rainfall.
Shady forest areas in moist country, at elevations from 2,000-2,500 metres. Especially common in conifer plantations. Mostly in forest margins and clearings in areas of high rainfall.
Light 4-8
Soil humidity 5-7
Soil texture 3-5
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-9

Usage

The flowers are the source of a yellow dye used as a substitute for saffron.
Uses dye environmental use food gene source material medicinal
Edible flowers
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown by seed.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 12 - 15
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -12
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Crocosmia aurea leaf picture by Pereira Jorge (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Crocosmia aurea flower picture by Rhinesha Dayanand (cc-by-sa)
Crocosmia aurea flower picture by Pereira Jorge (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Crocosmia aurea world distribution map, present in Angola, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Japan, Lesotho, Mozambique, Sudan, eSwatini, Tanzania, United Republic of, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:436425-1
WFO ID wfo-0000788480
COL ID ZKPK
BDTFX ID 76534
INPN ID 159966
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Crocanthus mossambicensis Crocosmia aurea Tritonia aurea Crocosmia cinnabarina Babiana aurea Crocosmia aurea var. maculata Crocosmia aurea var. aurea

Lower taxons

Crocosmia aurea subsp. pauciflora Crocosmia aurea subsp. aurea