Crocosmia paniculata (Klatt) Goldblatt

Zigzag crocosmia (en), Crocosmia paniculé (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asparagales > Iridaceae > Crocosmia

Characteristics

Plants mostly 1200-1500 mm high. Corm globose, persisting short chains, 30-35 mm diam.; tunics brown, papery or becoming fibrous with age. Leaves several in basal fan, reaching to base of spike, ± lanceolate, pleated, mostly 35-50 mm wide. Stem erect or somewhat inclined, with 3 to 6 diverging branches, these sometimes also branched. Spike arching outward, ± horizontal, with 18-25 flowers borne on upper side in 2 rows facing outward; bracts firm-textured, purplish green, becoming dry from tips, outer 6-10 mm long, sometimes obscurely 3-fid, inner 2-veined, forked at tip, slightly shorter than outer. Flowers zygomorphic, deep orange to orange-brown, sometimes shaded with reddish brown outside, yellowish in tube, lower 3 tepals marked in lower third with a dark red median streak decurrent on tube, ± trumpet-shaped, dorsal tepal extended horizontally, remaining tepals spreading, unscented; perianth tube narrow below, abruptly widened into a cylindric upper part, curved in middle, mostly 33-40(-50) mm long, upper part 15-25 mm long; tepals unequal, dorsal largest, inclined to ± horizontal, 14-18 x 8-10 mm, united with upper laterals for ± 5 mm, upper laterals narrowly deltoid, ± 10 x 5 mm, lower lateral tepals narrowly ovoid to oblong, 11-14 x 5-6 mm, lower median narrowly deltoid, directed downward, ± 10 x 4 mm. Filaments 25-40 mm long, exserted 12-18 mm from tube; anthers parallel, contiguous, ± 6 mm long, dull red or yellow, red on lines of dehiscence; pollen yellow. Style mostly 50-65 mm long, dividing opposite base to middle of anthers, branches 5-7 mm long, forked apically for < 1 mm, arching forward, shortly exceeding anther apices. Capsules depressed-globose, 3-lobed, 5.5 x 8 mm, flushed dull red to purple, slightly rough to touch. Seeds globose or sides slightly flattened by pressure, lightly wrinkled, ovoid-angular, 1-3 per locule, ± 3 mm long, dark red-brown.
More
Robust and leafy, to c. 1.5 m high. Corm ± 5 × 4 cm, subglobose, tunic papery, smooth, light brown. Leaves broadly ensiform, < stem to 5 cm wide, plicate, tightly sheathing at base, spreading into a fan about half-way up stem. Stem c. 5 mm diam., terete, sturdy. Inflorescence with several stout branches above, some again branched, main axis and each branch terminating in a strongly zigzag portion with alternate sessile flowers; spathe-valves light brown, red-tinged, ± 6 mm long. Flowers orange, crimson-tinged, 3.5-4 cm long ± 1.5 cm diam.; tube ± 1 cm long, narrow, slightly widening above; lobes spreading, uppermost lobe longer and hooded, others ± equal, outer more acute. Capsule ± 3 mm long, brownish, oblong-trigonous. Seeds reddish, compressed-triangular.
Perennial herb, geophyte, 1.2-1.5 m high; corm globose, in superposed rows, tunics brown, papery; stem usually dull purplish red, cylindrical, branched. Leaves lanceolate, plicate, acuminate, 400-900 x 15-80 mm; veins prominent. Bracts submembranous, reddish brown, exceeding length of internode. Inflorescence a spicate panicle, arching outwards or horizontal, branches strongly zigzag in upper part; flowers deep orange to orange-brown, (sub)secund, zygomorphic, distichous at first, becoming ± secund on apex of branches; tube cylindrical below, funnel-shaped above; lobes unequal. Stamens curved towards posticous lobe; filaments up to 40 mm long; anthers unilateral, contiguous. Flowering time Dec.-Feb. Capsule globose, 3-lobed.
Flowers orange to red or red-brown, zygomorphic, facing to the side; perianth tube curved, (25)30–40(45) mm long, tubular in the lower half, infundibuliform above; tepals unequal, obtuse, the uppermost longest, (10)15–18 × 6–9 mm, the upper laterals 7–10 mm long, spreading, the lower 3 tepals 6–12 mm long, the median one smallest.
Geophyte, up to 1.8 m high, plants in large clumps. Leaves with blade plicate, 400-600 x 25-50 mm. Flowers: branches of panicle strongly zigzagging in upper part; perianth narrowly funnel-shaped, up to 75 mm long, tube at least twice length of segments, orange-red, rusty red or brownish orange; Jan., Feb.
Geophyte, up to 1.8 m high. Perianth tube at least twice the length of the segments. Leaves plicate, 400-600 x 25-50 mm. Branches of panicle strongly zigzag in upper part. Flowers narrowly funnel-shaped, up to 75 mm long. Plants in large clumps. Flowers orange-red, rusty red or brownish orange.
Foliage leaves several, basal and cauline, half to two-thirds as long as the stems, lanceolate, plicate, narrowed and thickened below into a pseudopetiolate base; cauline leaves shorter than the basal.
Spikes rather congested, 10–22-flowered, flexuous; bracts firm, green, becoming reddish-brown, 7–10 mm long, exceeding the internodes, the outer obtuse or apiculate, the inner shortly 2-toothed.
Stem inclined above, relatively thick, up to 9 mm in diameter, 2–5-branched, the branches nearly horizontal.
Corms single or in chains of 2–3, 2.5–4(5) cm in diameter; tunics brown, membranous, later fibrous above.
Stamens unilateral, arched under the uppermost tepal; filaments 25–40 mm long; anthers 6–8 mm long.
Capsules 12–14 mm long, globose; seeds 4 mm in diameter, globose or angled.
Style dividing near the anther apices, the branches 4–6 mm long.
Plants 100–130 (180) cm high.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.1 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 1.2 - 1.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Moist rocky and grassy slopes, often at high elevations, sometimes at forest edges. Large colonies in moist grassland.
Light 4-8
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-10

Usage

Uses environmental use medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use Diarrhea (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by divisions or seedlings.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 12 - 15
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -12
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Crocosmia paniculata leaf picture by David Hocken (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Crocosmia paniculata flower picture by David Hocken (cc-by-sa)
Crocosmia paniculata flower picture by David Hocken (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Crocosmia paniculata world distribution map, present in Lesotho, New Zealand, eSwatini, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:436435-1
WFO ID wfo-0000788498
COL ID 6BHQT
BDTFX ID 19839
INPN ID 93199
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Crocosmia paniculata Curtonus paniculatus Antholyza paniculata