Crotalaria brevidens Benth.

Slenderleaf (en), Crotalaire (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Crotalaria

Characteristics

Erect or rarely decumbent annual or short-lived perennial, 5–20 dm. tall, with generally numerous ascending branches from the base upwards.. Stem covered with short appressed or somewhat spreading hairs.. Leaves 3-foliolate; leaflets linear or lanceolate to narrowly elliptic-oblong or elliptic, up to 40–100(–140) mm. long, 3–20(–33) mm. wide, with the upper ones proportionally longer and narrower, glabrous above, appressed puberulous beneath; petiole ± 20–60 mm. long.. Stipules absent.. Racemes terminal and leaf-opposed, pedunculate, up to 10–48 cm. long, with rather numerousfairly closely arranged flowers; bracts linear-caudate or subulate, expanded at the base, ± 1–3·5 mm. long; bracteoles inserted at the base of the calyx or rarely (and not in East Africa) near the middle of the pedicel, subulate or filiform, 0·5–2 mm. long.. Calyx becoming truncate and deflexed against the pedicel, 3–8 mm. long, appressed puberulous or (outside East Africa) glabrous; lobes subulate or acuminate, much shorter to longer than the tube.. Standard ovate or elliptic, cream or more generally clear yellow, veined reddish-brown, glabrous outside; wings a little shorter to a little longer than the keel, often with a dark mark at the base; keel shortly rounded, with a long projecting straight (or sometimes slightly recurved) untwisted beak, 12–24 mm. long.. Pod subsessile, narrowly cylindrical, often a little curved at the ends, (35–)40–50 mm. long, 5–7 mm. across, puberulous or pubescent, with up to 80 or more seeds.. Seeds oblique-cordiform, variable in size, up to 2·5–3 mm. long, smooth, pale yellow to orange.
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Generally erect annual or short-lived perennial, 0.5-2 m tall, with generally numerous ascending branches covered with short appressed or somewhat spreading hairs. Leaves 3-foliolate; leaflets linear or lanceolate to narrowly elliptic-oblong or elliptic, mostly 4-10(-14) x 0.3-2(-3.3) cm, appressed puberulous beneath; petioles shorter than the leaflets. Stipules lacking. Racemes up to 10-50 cm long, somewhat laxly many-flowered; bracts linear-caudate or subulate, expanded at the base, ±1-3.5 mm long; bracteoles inserted at base of the calyx or rarely on the pedicel, subulate or filiform, 0.5-2 mm long. Calyx becoming basally truncate and deflexed against the pedicel, 3-8 mm long, glabrous or appressed puberulous; lobes subulate or acuminate, much shorter than to shortly exceeding the tube. Standard ovate or elliptic, cream or more generally clear yellow, veined reddish brown; wings a little shorter to a little longer than the keel; keel shortly rounded, with a rather long projecting straight, or sometimes slightly recurved, beak, 1.2-2.4 cm long. Legume subsessile, narrowly cylindrical, often a little curved at the ends, (3.5-)4-5 x 0.5-0.7 cm, puberulous or pubescent, with up to 80 or more seeds. Seeds oblique-cordiform, variable in size, up to 2.5-3 mm long, smooth, pale yellow or orange.
A much branched herb. It lives for one or sometimes more years. It grows 2 m tall. The branches curve upwards and have soft hairs. The leaves are alternate. They have 3 leaflets. The leaf stalks are 2-6 cm long. The leaflets are narrow and 4-10 cm long by 1-2 cm wide. They are hairy underneath. The flowers are in a group at the top of the plant. These can be 50 cm long. There are many narrow flowers. They are yellow with red veins. The fruit is a narrow pod 4-5 cm long and 1 cm wide. It is slightly curved at the ends. There are many seeds that are 3 mm long and yellow to orange.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.5 - 2.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Open and wooded grassland, it is also occasionally found in seasonal swamps and on termitaries, at elevations of 500-2,700 metres.
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A tropical plant. It grows between 500-2,700 m above sea level. It can grow in arid places.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Caution: It is bitter due to Pyrrolizidine alkaloids. If eaten with corchorus or with milk it is less bitter. The tender leaves are cooked and eaten as a vegetable. They are cooked with potash and have peanuts added to improve the flavour. Leaves can be dried and stored for later use. The seeds are poisonous.
Uses animal food environmental use fiber food gum material medicinal poison
Edible flowers leaves pods seeds shoots
Therapeutic use Abdominal pain (leaf), Edema (leaf), Malaria (leaf), Antifungal agents (root), Pharyngitis (root)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. Seed germinate in 3-4 days. It responds well to natural compost and manures.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 21 - 30
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Crotalaria brevidens habit picture by Susan Brown (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Crotalaria brevidens leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Crotalaria brevidens leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Crotalaria brevidens leaf picture by Susan Brown (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Crotalaria brevidens flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Crotalaria brevidens flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Crotalaria brevidens flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Crotalaria brevidens fruit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Crotalaria brevidens world distribution map, present in Angola, Burundi, Brazil, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ethiopia, Guadeloupe, Kenya, Martinique, Nigeria, Puerto Rico, Rwanda, Sudan, Chad, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:487901-1
WFO ID wfo-0000209298
COL ID 6BHFB
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 629451
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Crotalaria purpureolineata Crotalaria intermedia Crotalaria albertiana Crotalaria intermedia var. abyssinica Crotalaria intermedia var. dorumaensis Crotalaria intermedia var. parviflora Crotalaria intermedia var. abyssinica Crotalaria brevidens

Lower taxons

Crotalaria brevidens var. intermedia Crotalaria brevidens var. dorumaensis Crotalaria brevidens var. parviflora