Crotalaria pallida Aiton

Smooth rattlebox (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Crotalaria

Characteristics

Erect well-branched annual or short-lived perennial, up to 1–2(–3) m. tall.. Stem with short appressed hairs.. Leaves 3(–4)-foliolate; leaflets variable, elliptic, obovate-elliptic or obovate, up to 40–110 mm. long, 25–52 (–70) mm. wide, glabrous above, thinly appressed puberulous beneath; petiole ± 20–85 mm. long.. Stipules filiform, up to 3 mm. long, caducous, or absent.. Racemes shortly pedunculate, up to 15–30 cm. long, with many fairly closely arranged flowers; bracts linear, up to 5 mm. long, caducous before the flowers open; bracteoles inserted at the base of the calyx, filiform, up to 1–3 mm. long, but sometimes small and obscure.. Calyx becoming basally truncate and deflexed against the pedicel, 6–7·5·mm. long, appressed puberulous; lobes narrow, acuminate, subequal to or longer than the tube.. Standard elliptic, yellow, often veined reddish-brown, glabrous outside; wings much shorter than the keel; keel rather shallowly rounded about the middle, with a narrow slightly projecting untwisted beak, 12–14(–15) mm. long, yellowish-green, usually conspicuously veined brown or purple.. Pod shortly stipitate, subcylindrical, sometimes slightly curved, 38–46 mm. long, 6–8 mm. across, puberulous, usually glabrescent, ± 30–40-seeded.. Seeds oblique-cordiform, ± 3·5 mm, long, smooth or minutely papillose, mottled ochre and dark grey-green, or brown.
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Erect well-branched herb, up to 1-2(-3) m tall; branches ± densely covered with short appressed hairs. Leaves 3(-4)-foliolate; leaflets elliptic to obovate, mostly 3-13 x 2.5-7 cm, appressed puberulous beneath; petioles ± as long as the leaflets or shorter. Stipules filiform, up to 3 mm long, caducous, or lacking. Racemes shortly pedunculate, up to 15-30 cm long, with many flowers rather closely arranged at least towards the top; bracts linear, up to 5 mm long, caducous before the flowers open; bracteoles at base of calyx similar but a little smaller. Calyx becoming basally truncate and deflexed against the pedicel, 6-7.5 mm long, ± densely appressed pubescent; lobes narrowly triangular-acuminate, sub-equal to or longer than the tube. Standard elliptic, yellow, usually veined reddish brown; wings much shorter than the keel; keel rather shallowly rounded with a narrow somewhat projecting beak, 12-14(-15) mm long, yellowish green, usually conspicuously veined brown or purple. Legume shortly stipitate, subcylindrical, sometimes slightly curved, 3.8-5 x 0.6-0.8 cm, puberulous, usually glabrescent, ±30-40-seeded. Seeds oblique-cordiform, ±3.5 mm long, smooth or minutely papillose, mottled ochre and dark grey-green, or brown.
Herbs, perennial. Branches terete, ribbed, densely appressed pubescent. Stipules acicular, very minute, caducous. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 2-4 cm; petiolules 1-2 mm; leaflet blades oblong to elliptic, 3-6 × 1.5-3 cm, abaxially sparsely silky pubescent, adaxially glabrous, veins distinct on both sur­faces, base broadly cuneate, apex obtuse to retuse. Racemes ter­minal, ca. 25 cm, 10-40-flowered; bracts linear, ca. 4 mm, caducous. Pedicel 3-5 mm; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx tube, similar to bracts, ca. 2 mm. Calyx subcampanulate, 4-6 mm, 5-lobed, densely pubescent; lobes triangular, ± as long as tube. Corolla yellow, exserted beyond calyx; standard orbicular to elliptic, ca. 1 cm in diam., base with 2 appendages; wings oblong, ca. 8 mm, marginally pilose on basal part; keel ca. 1.2 cm, rather shallowly rounded, marginally pilose at base, beak narrow and ± projecting. Ovary subsessile. Legume oblong, 3-4 × 0.5-0.8 cm, 20-30-seeded, pilose when young but gla­brescent. Fl. Sep-Oct, fr. Nov-Dec.
An annual herb. It grows 1-2 m tall and spreads 0.5-1 m wide. The branches are erect and have silky hairs when young. The leaves have 3 leaflets. The leaf stalks are 3-9 cm long. The leaflets are 5-8 cm long by 2-4 cm wide. They are oblong and grey-green. They have silky hairs underneath. The flowers occur in clusters that are 15-20 cm long. These are at the ends of branches. The flowers are 1-1.5 cm long and golden yellow. They have prominent lines along them. The fruit are pods 2.5-3.5 cm long and narrow.
Standard elliptic, yellow, usually veined reddish-brown, glabrous outside; wings much shorter than the keel; keel 1.2–1.4(1.5) cm long, shallowly rounded, with a narrow somewhat projecting pointed beak (slightly incurved only at the tip), yellowish-green, sometimes conspicuously lined brown or purple.
Leaves 3(4)-foliolate; leaflets mostly 3–13 × 2.5–7 cm, elliptic to obovate, appressed puberulous beneath; petiole ± as long as leaflets or shorter; stipules up to 3 mm long, filiform, deciduous, or absent.
Racemes shortly pedunculate, mostly 15–30 cm long, many-flowered; bracts up to 5 mm long, linear, caducous before the flowers open; bracteoles at the base of the calyx, similar but smaller.
Calyx 6–7.5 mm long, becoming basally truncate and deflexed against the pedicel, ± densely appressed pubescent; lobes narrowly triangular-acuminate, subequal to or longer than the tube.
Pod 3.8–5 × 0.6–0.8 cm, shortly stipitate, subcylindrical, sometimes slightly curved, puberulous, usually glabrescent, 30–40-seeded.
Seeds c. 3.5 mm long, oblique-cordiform, smooth to minutely papillose, brown or mottled ochre and dark grey-green.
Erect well-branched sometimes robust herb 1–2(3) m tall; branches densely appressed pubescent.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.5 - 1.0
Mature height (meter) 1.0 - 2.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It grows near the edges of roads. It needs a sunny position. It is best in light to medium, well drained soil. In Zimbabwe it grows up to 1,500 m above sea level. It is resistant to frost and drought. In Sichuan and Yunnan.
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Occurs naturally on river banks, edges of lakes, extending into woodland, grassland and waste places from sea level to elevations of 1,000 metres. Grassland and sandy areas in southern China.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The flowers are eaten as a vegetable. The roasted seeds are used as a coffee substitute. The seeds are made into a fermented food. CAUTION: They contain a poisonous alkaloid that needs to be removed during preparation. It is used as a substrate for fermenting wine.
Uses animal food coffee substitute environmental use fiber fodder food food additive forage material medicinal poison social use vertebrate poison
Edible flowers leaves roots seeds
Therapeutic use Abscess (leaf), Anthelmintics (leaf), Antinematodal agents (leaf), Fever (leaf), Intestinal diseases (leaf), Intestinal diseases, parasitic (leaf), Muscle strength (leaf), Hemostatics (root), Joint diseases (root), Pain (root), Abortifacient agents (seed), Antifungal agents (seed), Central nervous system diseases (seed), Contraceptive agents (seed), Abscess (stem), Intoxicant (unspecified), Coffee (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Antineoplastic agents (unspecified), Hypotension (unspecified), Oral ulcer (unspecified), Paralysis (unspecified), Wounds and injuries (unspecified), Hypotension (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. The seed need to be treated to break the hard seed coat.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 21 - 30
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 22 - 30
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Crotalaria pallida habit picture by Prasanta Hembram (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Crotalaria pallida leaf picture by Asim Kumar Mishra (cc-by-sa)
Crotalaria pallida leaf picture by Chandru Chawla (cc-by-sa)
Crotalaria pallida leaf picture by Chandru Chawla (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Crotalaria pallida flower picture by Asim Kumar Mishra (cc-by-sa)
Crotalaria pallida flower picture by claire Felloni (cc-by-sa)
Crotalaria pallida flower picture by pedrogc -- (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Crotalaria pallida fruit picture by Asim Kumar Mishra (cc-by-sa)
Crotalaria pallida fruit picture by Chandru Chawla (cc-by-sa)
Crotalaria pallida fruit picture by Henrique (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Crotalaria pallida world distribution map, present in Angola, Argentina, American Samoa, Australia, Burundi, Benin, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Brazil, Barbados, Brunei Darussalam, Bhutan, Central African Republic, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Colombia, Dominica, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guam, Guyana, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Cambodia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Liberia, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Marshall Islands, Mali, Myanmar, Northern Mariana Islands, Mozambique, Montserrat, Martinique, Mauritius, Malawi, Malaysia, Niger, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Niue, Nepal, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Rwanda, Sudan, Senegal, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sierra Leone, El Salvador, Seychelles, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, Vanuatu, Samoa, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:322608-2
WFO ID wfo-0000209124
COL ID ZNVW
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447170
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Crotalaria siamica Crotalaria striata Lupinus africanus Crotalaria tinctoria Crotalaria zuccariniana Crotalaria brownei Crotalaria fertilis Crotalaria pallida Crotalaria latifolia Crotalaria javanica Crotalaria hookeri Lebeckia rostrata Crotalaria striata f. latifoliolata Crotalaria pisiformis Crotalaria striata var. acutifolia Crotalaria pallida var. pallida Crotalaria striata var. acutifolia Crotalaria pallida

Lower taxons

Crotalaria pallida var. obovata