Crotalaria retusa L.

Rattlepod (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Crotalaria

Characteristics

Erect annual or short-lived perennial, up to 1·3 m. tall, usually well branched.. Stem obscurely ribbed, densely appressed puberulous to spreading pubescent.. Leaves simple; blade oblanceolate to oblong-obovate, up to 35–105 mm. long, 18–38 mm. wide, rounded or emarginate at the apex, glabrous above, finely appressed pubescent beneath; petiole ± 2–4 mm. long.. Stipules subulate or filiform, 1–5 mm. long.. Racemes up to 30 cm. long, but often considerably less, laxly or densely many-flowered; bracts subulate-caudate to lanceolate-caudate, ± 2–6 mm. long; bracteoles inserted on the upper part of the pedicel, filiform, ± 1–2 mm. long.. Calyx 11–14 mm. long, with the tube protracted on the lower side, glabrous or with small scattered appressed hairs; upper lobes broadly lanceolate-triangular, longer than the tube.. Standard obovate-orbicular, pale yellow, often finely purplish veined inside and reddish diffused outside with darker veins, usually with a few hairs along the midvein outside; wings oblong-obovate, longer than the keel, bright yellow; keel rounded, with a rather short slightly incurved twisted beak, 13–15 mm. long.. Pod shortly stipitate, oblong-clavate, up to 40–48 mm. long, 13–18 mm. across, glabrous, ± 12–20-seeded.. Seeds oblique-cordiform, with the narrow end strongly incurved, ± 5–5·5 mm. long, finely papillose, yellowish or brown.
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Herb, usually less than 1 m tall, stem striate, strigulose. Leaves unifoliolate, oblanceolate, the apex rounded or mucronulate, the base cuneate, 3.5-9.7 cm long, 1.4-3.6 cm broad, the margins entire, above glabrous, beneath puberulent with loosely appressed trichomes, the veins 7-12 on each side of the midvein; petiole 2-3.5 mm long; stipules frequently absent at flowering time, when present narrowly angular ovate and less than 2.5 mm long. Inflorescenses terminal ra-cemes, bearing 14-20 flowers, bracts narrowly triangular, to 2.5 mm long; per-sistent, pedicels 5-9 mm long; bracteoles narrowly triangular, 0.5-1.0 mm long, puberulent, located at mid-pedicel. Flowers yellow, 17-24 mm long, the calyx 12-14 mm long, the tube truncate, the lobes 1.2-1.8 times as long as the tube, strigulose; corolla yellow, occasionally with purple veins, 17-24 mm long, the standard 14-18 mm long, 17-25 mm broad, retuse, the wings 13-15 mm long, the claws 3-4 mm long, oblong lanceolate, oblique, the keel 16-18 mm long, the twisted beak not prolonged; stamens dimorphic, the long anthers 2.8-3.1 mm long, the short anthers 0.8-1.0 mm long; style with a pubescent stigma, genicu-late, 11-12 mm long. Legume inflated, 3.0-3.8 cm long, glabrous, dark brown to black; seeds ca. 23, tan to brown, oblique cordiform, to 4.5 mm long.
Herbs, erect, 60-120 cm tall. Branches terete, pubescent. Stipules subulate, ca. 1 mm. Leaves simple; petiole 2-4 mm; leaf blade oblong to oblanceolate, 3-8 × 1-3.5 cm, abaxially slightly pubescent, adaxially glabrous, veins distinct on both surfaces, base cuneate, apex retuse. Racemes terminal, 10-20-flowered; bracts lanceolate, 2-3 mm. Pedicel 3-5 mm; brac­teoles inserted on apical part of pedicel, filiform, very minute. Calyx 2-lipped, 1-1.2 cm, sparsely pubescent; lobes broadly lanceolate. Corolla yellow; standard suborbicular to elliptic, 1-1.5 cm, base with 2 appendages; wings oblong, 1-1.5 cm; keel ± as long as wings, narrowed apically from middle and ex­tended into a long twisted beak exserted beyond calyx. Legume oblong, 3-4 × 1-1.8 cm, 10-20-seeded, glabrous; stipe ca. 2 mm. Fl. Oct-Dec, fr. Jan-Apr.
An annual plant. It grows to 1-1.5 m high and spreads to 1 m across. The stems are erect and slender. The branches are stiff, and shortly hairy. The leaves are oblong to sword shaped, with a blunt end. They are 3-8 cm long by 1-2.5 cm wide. The leaves are green above and pale underneath. They have a short leaf stalk. The flowers occur in clusters 15-30 cm long. These are at the ends of branches. The flowers are yellow and pea shaped. They are 1.5-2 cm long. The fruit are pods 2-5 cm long which are black when ripe. The pods are spreading at right angles. The seeds are golden brown and about 4 mm long.
Standard obovate-circular, pale yellow, veined and outside often suffused reddish-purple, usually puberulous along the midvein outside; wings oblong-obovate, longer than the keel, bright yellow; keel 1.3–1.5 cm long, rounded, with a fairly short slightly incurved twisted beak.
Leaves simple; blade 3.5–11 × 1.5–4 cm, oblanceolate to oblong-obovate, finely appressed pubescent beneath; petiole c. 2–4 mm long; stipules 1–5 mm long, linear or subulate.
Racemes 10–30 cm long, many-flowered; bracts c. 2–6 mm long, subulate-caudate to lanceolate-caudate; bracteoles on the pedicel, 1–2 mm long, filiform.
Erect annual or short-lived perennial, 0.5–1.5 m tall, usually well branched; branches slightly ribbed, subdensely covered with short hairs.
Calyx 1.1–1.4 cm long, glabrous to appressed puberulous; upper lobes broadly lanceolate-triangular, longer than the tube.
Seeds c. 5–5.5 mm long, oblique-cordiform, with the narrow end strongly incurved, finely papillose, yellowish or brown.
Flowers conspicuous, 3/4–1 in. long, in long loose racemes, yellow with purple veining.
Pod shortly stipitate, (3)4–5 × 1–1.8 cm, oblong-clavate, glabrous, c. 12–20-seeded.
A hall-shrubby herb, 2–4 ft. high
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.0
Mature height (meter) 0.61 - 1.2
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in light, well-drained soils. It prefers an open sunny position. It is drought resistant but frost tender. They occur naturally in moist, sandy, patches on flood plains of large rivers. In Papua New Guinea it is mostly in places at low altitude where there is a low and seasonal rainfall. It grows in Nepal to about 200 m altitude in open places. It suits hardiness zones 10-11.
More
Coastal grassland, along rivers, waste places and fields, at elevations up to 250 metres. Open places in deciduous dipterocarp forests; at elevations up to 1,500 metres.
Of waste land
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

CAUTION: It causes cirrhosis of the liver. The leaves have been recorded as eaten. The flowers are cooked as a vegetable or pickled following boiling.
Uses animal food dye environmental use fiber food material medicinal oil poison
Edible flowers leaves pods seeds
Therapeutic use Central nervous system depressants (aerial part), Hypothermia (aerial part), Parasympatholytics (aerial part), Diarrhea (leaf), Fever (leaf), Headache (leaf), Impetigo (leaf), Scabies (leaf), Sialorrhea (leaf), Skin diseases (leaf), Chest pain (root), Colic (root), Hemoptysis (root), Antipyretics (seed), Fever (seed), Flatulence (seed), Leprosy (seed), Skin diseases (seed), Skin neoplasms (seed), Fever (unspecified), Hemoptysis (unspecified), Scabies (unspecified), Impetigo (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Anesthesia (unspecified), Cardiovascular diseases (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Emetics (unspecified), Expectorants (unspecified), Headache (unspecified), Hypotension (unspecified), Hypothermia (unspecified), Mouth diseases (unspecified), Neuromuscular blocking activity (unspecified), Central nervous system diseases (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed which needs treatment to enable it to grow.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 14 - 22
Germination temperacture (C°) 20 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -7
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Crotalaria retusa habit picture by pedrogc -- (cc-by-sa)
Crotalaria retusa habit picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)
Crotalaria retusa habit picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Crotalaria retusa leaf picture by daksh (cc-by-sa)
Crotalaria retusa leaf picture by daksh (cc-by-sa)
Crotalaria retusa leaf picture by Christopher Smith (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Crotalaria retusa flower picture by Venegas-Elizondo Carlos (cc-by-sa)
Crotalaria retusa flower picture by Serge Garnier (cc-by-sa)
Crotalaria retusa flower picture by Noel Dionson (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Crotalaria retusa fruit picture by Audrey Raoul (cc-by-sa)
Crotalaria retusa fruit picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)
Crotalaria retusa fruit picture by Diana (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Crotalaria retusa world distribution map, present in Anguilla, American Samoa, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Bangladesh, Bahamas, Belize, Brazil, Barbados, Brunei Darussalam, Bhutan, China, Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Fiji, Guernsey, Ghana, Guinea, Guadeloupe, Grenada, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guyana, Haiti, Indonesia, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Jamaica, Kenya, Cambodia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Liberia, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Maldives, Mexico, Mali, Myanmar, Northern Mariana Islands, Mozambique, Montserrat, Martinique, Mauritius, Malaysia, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Netherlands, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Réunion, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Singapore, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Suriname, Seychelles, Thailand, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, and Yemen

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:322611-2
WFO ID wfo-0000210930
COL ID 6BJD4
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447172
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Dolichos cuneifolius Crotalaria hostmannii Lupinus cochinchinensis Crotalaria retusifolia Hedysarum inaequale Crotalaria atusia Crotalaria cuneifolia Crotalaria retusa var. maritima Crotalaria retusa var. retusa Crotalaria retusa

Lower taxons

Crotalaria retusa var. tunguensis Crotalaria retusa var. indica