Crotalaria spectabilis Roth

Showy rattlebox (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Crotalaria

Characteristics

Herb or suffrutescent herb, to 2 m tall, stem terete, glabrous. Leaves unifo-liolate, broadly angular oblanceolate or occasionally elliptic, apex rounded or mucronate, the base cuneate, 5.5-15.0 cm long, 3.5-7.5 cm broad, the margins entire, above glabrous, beneath strigulose with loosely appressed trichomes, the veins 8-12 on each side of the midvein; petiole 4-6.5 mm long; stipules triangular, 4.5-9.0 mm long. Inflorescences terminal or sub-terminal racemes bearing 21-36 flowers, bracts ovate-cordate, 8-11 mm long, persistent, pedicels 9-14 mm long; bracteoles lanceolate, 1.1-2.0 mm long, glabrous, located at mid-pedicel. Flowers yellow, 15-25 mm long, the calyx 9-13 mm long, the tube truncate, the lobes 1.0-1.5 times as long as the tube, glabrous; corolla yellow, 15-23 mm long, the standard 12-16 mm long, 14-18 mm broad, retuse, the wings 9-12 mm long, the claws 2-4 mm long, broadly oblong, oblique, the keel 13-15 mm long, the twisted beak prolonged; stamens dimorphic, the long anthers 2.5-3.1 mm long, the short anthers 0.7-1.0 mm long; style with a pubescent stigma, geniculate, 8.0-11.0 mm long. Legume inflated, 3.2-4.0 cm long, glabrous, brown or dark brown at ma-turity; seeds ca. 22, dark brown, oblique cordiform, to 4.5 mm long.
More
Erect usually well branched annual, up to 2 m. tall.. Stem angled, sulcate, subglabrous.. Leaves simple; blade oblanceolate or obovate, up to 8–14 cm. long and 3–8 cm. wide, glabrous above, appressed pubescent beneath; petiole ± 2–8 mm. long.. Stipules obliquely oblong-ovate, up to 3–7 mm. long, 2–4 mm. wide.. Racemes shortly pedunculate, rather lax, up to 21–45 cm. long, many-flowered; bracts cordate, up to 12–20 mm. long, 6–10 mm. wide, acute or acuminate; bracteoles inserted near the middle of the pedicel, lanceolate, 1–2 mm. long.. Calyx 11–14 mm. long, with the tube protracted on the lower side, glabrous; upper lobes broadly triangular or slightly ovate-triangular, longer than the tube.. Standard suborbicular, yellow, glabrous outside; wings obovate-oblong, longer than the keel; keel rounded about the middle, with a fairly short slightly incurved twisted beak, ± 13–14 mm. long.. Pod shortly stipitate, broadly oblong-clavate, ± 45–50 mm. long, 18–20 mm. across, glabrous, ± 20–24-seeded.. Seeds oblique-cordiform, with the narrow end strongly incurved, ± 4 mm. long, smooth, brown.
Herbs, erect, 0.6-1.5 m tall. Branches terete, glabrous. Stipules ovate-triangular, ca. 1 cm. Leaves simple; petiole 2-8 mm; leaf blade oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 7-15 × 2-5 cm, thin, abaxially appressed silky pubescent, adaxially gla­brous, base broadly cuneate, apex obtuse and mucronate. Ra­cemes terminal, 20-30-flowered; bracts ovate-triangular, 7-10 mm. Pedicel 1-1.5 cm; bracteoles inserted at or apical to mid­dle of pedicel, linear, ca. 1 mm. Calyx 2-lipped, 1.2-1.5 cm, glabrous; lobes broadly lanceolate-triangular, longer than tube. Corolla pale yellow; standard veined purplish red, suborbicular to oblong, 1-2 cm, base with 2 appendages, apex obtuse to re­tuse; wings obovate, ca. 2 cm; keel rounded about middle, with a fairly short and slightly incurved twisted beak exserted be­yond calyx. Legume broadly oblong, 2.5-3 × 1.5-2 cm, 20-30-seeded, shortly stipitate, glabrous. Seeds smooth. Fl. Aug-Oct, fr. Oct-Dec.
Erect usually well-branched annual 1-2 m tall; stem angled, sulcate, sublgabrous. Leaves simple; blade oblanceolate or obovate, 8-14 x 3-8 cm, appressed pubescent beneath; petiole ±2-8 mm long. Stipules obliquely oblong-ovate, 3-7 x 2-5 mm. Racemes rather lax, mostly 20-50 cm long, many-flowered; bracts ovate-cordate, 8-20 x 5-10 mm, acute or acuminate; bracteoles on the pedicel, lanceolate, 1-2 mm long. Calyx 1.1-1.4 cm long, glabrous; upper lobes broadly triangular or slightly ovate-triangular, longer than the tube. Standard subcircular, yellow, lined reddish purple, glabrous outside; wings obovate-oblong, longer than the keel; keel rounded about the middle, with a fairly short slightly incurved twisted beak, 1.3-1.4 cm long. Legume shortly stipitate, broadly oblong-clavate, 4.5-5 x 1.8-2 cm, glabrous, 20-24-seeded. Seeds oblique-cordiform, with the radicular lobe strongly incurved, 4 mm long, smooth.
Stems erect, to 1 m; principal lvs narrowly obovate from a cuneate base, to 15 cm; racemes terminal and axillary, elongate and many-fld, the central one to 3 dm; bracts ovate, 8–12 mm; cal glabrous; standard 15–25 mm. Native of the Old World tropics, widely naturalized in tropical regions; se. Va., Mo., and scattered through s. U.S. Late summer.
An annual herb or small shrub. It grows 2 m high. The leaves are 5-15 cm long The flowers are in groups of 20-50 in stalks 25-45 cm long at the ends of branches. The flowers are yellow. The fruit is 2-5 cm long. There are 20-30 seeds.
Life form annual
Growth form
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.25 - 1.75
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It is best in a light to medium, well-drained soil. It needs an open sunny position. It is resistant to drought and frost. In Argentina it grows below 500 m above sea level.
More
Montane grasslands, along trails, forest margins and as a weed of cultivated fields; at elevations from 100-1,500 metres.
Light 7-8
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses environmental use fiber forage material medicinal ornamental poison
Edible flowers
Therapeutic use Skin diseases (bark), Blood pressure regulation (leaf), Wounds and injuries (leaf), Anemia, hemolytic (seed), Blood pressure regulation (seed), Hypotension (seed), Blood pressure regulation (stem), Intestinal diseases, parasitic (stem), Impetigo (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Scabies (unspecified), Poison(Veterinary) (unspecified), Antirheumatic agents (unspecified), Intestinal diseases, parasitic (unspecified), Parasympatholytics (unspecified), Snake bites (unspecified), Sprains and strains (unspecified), Wounds and injuries (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It is grown from seed. The seed need treatment to break the hard seed coat. It can be grown from cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 21 - 30
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 21 - 28
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Crotalaria spectabilis habit picture by Tim Rutland (cc-by-sa)
Crotalaria spectabilis habit picture by Brad Kelley (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Crotalaria spectabilis leaf picture by lgps longjam Gulapi Singh (cc-by-sa)
Crotalaria spectabilis leaf picture by David Weisz (cc-by-sa)
Crotalaria spectabilis leaf picture by Chris Griggs (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Crotalaria spectabilis flower picture by das sathe (cc-by-sa)
Crotalaria spectabilis flower picture by Richard Interval (cc-by-sa)
Crotalaria spectabilis flower picture by Burns Francis (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Crotalaria spectabilis world distribution map, present in Argentina, American Samoa, Australia, Bangladesh, Bahamas, Brazil, China, Colombia, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Saint Lucia, Madagascar, Mexico, Mali, Myanmar, Northern Mariana Islands, Martinique, Mauritius, Malaysia, Nicaragua, Nepal, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Réunion, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:322612-2
WFO ID wfo-0000210927
COL ID 6BJCL
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447173
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Crotalaria alatipes Crotalaria retzii Crotalaria sericea Crotalaria macrophylla Crotalaria lupiniflora Crotalaria spectabilis subsp. spectabilis Crotalaria lechnaultii Crotalaria leschenaultii Crotalaria lupinifolia Crotalaria spectabilis subsp. parvibracteata Crotalaria spectabilis