Crotalaria verrucosa L.

Blue rattlesnake (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Crotalaria

Characteristics

Herb or suffrutescent herb to 2 m tall, stems angled, strigulose. Leaves uni-foliolate, broadly angular ovate or rhombic, the apex rounded, the base cuneate to attenuate, 3.4-4.5 cm long, 2.2-3.0 cm broad; entire, above glabrous to sparse-ly strigulose, beneath strigulose, the veins 4-6 on each side of the midvein; petiole 2-3 mm long; stipules crescent shaped, encircling the nodes, to 1.0 cm long. Inflorescences terminal or sub-terminal racemes bearing 8-13 flowers, the bracts narrowly triangular, 2.0-2.5 mm long, persistent, the pedicels 3-5 mm long; brac-teoles narrowly triangular, to 1.1 mm long, strigulose, located at mid-pedicel. Flowers blue or white tinged with violet, 11-16 mm long; calyx 10-13 mm long, the tube campanulate, the lobes about twice as long as the tube, strigulose; corolla blue or white tinged with violet, 13-15 mm long, the standard 11-16 mm long, 12-17 mm broad, retuse, the wings 11-14 mm long, the claws 2-3 mm long, oblong lanceolate, oblique, the keel 13-16 mm long, the twisted beak prolonged; stamens dimorphic, the long anthers 2.8-3.2 mm long, the short anthers 0.6-1.0 mm long; style with a pubescent stigma, curved geniculate, 8.5-10.0 mm long. Legume inflated, 2.4-3.0 cm long, strigulose; seeds ca. 11, tan to brown, oblique cordiform, to 4.5 mm long.
More
Erect much branched annual, up to 1 m. tall.. Stem 4-angled, sulcate, shortly appressed or spreading pubescent.. Leaves simple; blade ovate to elliptic, up to 5·5–12·5 cm. long, 4·5–8 cm. wide, thinly appressed or spreading pubescent on both surfaces; petiole ± 4–9 mm. long.. Stipules foliaceous, ovate-falcate, acuminate, up to 7–21 mm. long, 5–13 mm. wide.. Racemes up to 11–24 cm. long, with up to 24 laxly to rather closely arranged flowers; bracts caudate, expanded at the base, ± 1–5 mm. long; bracteoles inserted on the lower part of the pedicel, filiform, ± 0·5–2 mm. long.. Calyx 4–5-lobed, 7–11 mm. long, with the tube protracted on the lower side, thinly appressed pubescent; upper lobes acuminately triangular, ± twice as long as the tube.. Standard elliptic to obovate-elliptic, pale yellow, tinged blue, glabrous outside; wings obovate-elliptic, longer than the keel, blue or purple; keel rounded about the middle, with a fairly short slightly incurved twisted beak, 8–12 mm. long.. Pod shortly stipitate, oblong-clavate, ± 37–50 mm. long, 10–12 mm. across, thinly appressed or spreading pilose, ± 16-seeded.. Seeds oblique-cordiform, with the narrow end strongly incurved, practically smooth to distinctly papillose, shiny, brown.
Herbs, erect, 50-100 cm tall. Branches 4-angled, glabres­cent. Stipules leaflike, ovate-falcate, 5-8 mm. Leaves simple; petiole 3-5 mm; leaf blade ovate to elliptic, 10-15 × 3-5 cm, thinly membranous, abaxially densely pubescent, adaxially gla­brous, base broadly cuneate, apex acuminate. Racemes ter­minal, 10-20-flowered; bracts linear, ca. 1 mm. Pedicel 3-4 mm; bracteoles inserted apically from middle of pedicel. Calyx subcampanulate, 8-10 mm, 5-lobed; lobes lanceolate, slightly longer than tube. Corolla pale yellow, white, or often tinged blue; standard orbicular to obovate, 1-1.8 cm, base with 2 appendages; wings oblong, 1-1.6 cm; keel ± as long as wings, exserted beyond calyx, rounded with an incurved, fairly shortly twisted beak. Ovary subsessile, pilose on apical part. Legume oblong, 2-4 cm, 10-12-seeded, pubescent. Seeds nearly smooth to papillose, shiny. Fl. Aug-Oct, fr. Nov-Dec.
Flowers pale yellow tinged blue, in leaf-opposed and terminal racemes.
Erect shrub, 2–3 ft. high, with angular branches
Life form annual
Growth form
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination autogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.68 - 1.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Fallow fields and on marshy ground, along rivers and roads; at elevations up to 1,200 metres. Grassland and sparse forests. Field edges and open places in dry evergreen and deciduous forests with bamboo, at elevations to 1,300 metres
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses environmental use medicinal poison
Edible -
Therapeutic use Antiviral agents (aerial part), Contraceptive agents (leaf), Contusions (leaf), Dyspepsia (leaf), Fever (leaf), Furunculosis (leaf), Heart diseases (leaf), Hematologic diseases (leaf), Hemorrhage (leaf), Impetigo (leaf), Mouth diseases (leaf), Pharyngitis (leaf), Scabies (leaf), Sialorrhea (leaf), Toothache (leaf), Vomiting (leaf), Wounds and injuries (leaf), Snake bites (root), Abortifacient agents (seed), Contraceptive agents (seed), Snake bites (seed), Headache (unspecified), Impetigo (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Scabies (unspecified), Central nervous system depressants (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified), Central nervous system diseases (whole plant), Diuretics (whole plant), Antiviral agents (whole plant excluding root)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 21 - 30
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Flower

Crotalaria verrucosa flower picture by manika n (cc-by-sa)
Crotalaria verrucosa flower picture by Gauri Achari (cc-by-sa)
Crotalaria verrucosa flower picture by Krishna Varun (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Crotalaria verrucosa world distribution map, present in Anguilla, American Samoa, Australia, Bangladesh, Bahamas, Belize, Brazil, Barbados, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Guernsey, Guadeloupe, Grenada, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guyana, Haiti, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Cambodia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Myanmar, Montserrat, Martinique, Mauritius, Malaysia, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Niue, Netherlands, Nepal, New Zealand, Panama, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Réunion, Sierra Leone, Suriname, Seychelles, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Viet Nam, and Samoa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:489042-1
WFO ID wfo-0000210929
COL ID ZP97
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447174
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Phaseolus bulai Crotalaria acuminata Crotalaria angulosa Anisanthera hastata Anisanthera versicolor Crotalaria flexuosa Crotalaria hastata Quirosia anceps Crotalaria paramariboensis Phaseolus bulae Crotalaria coerulea Crotalaria mollis Crotalaria verrucosa var. acuminata Crotalaria verrucosa var. obtusa Crotalaria verrucosa var. genuina Crotalaria verrucosa