Croton gratissimus Burch.

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Euphorbiaceae > Croton

Characteristics

Leaves aromatic when crushed; blades 1.5–18 × 0.5–6 cm, elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate or narrowly oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, obtuse or emarginate at the apex, entire, rounded to shallowly cordulate or cordate at the base, with a pair of sessile to long-stalked basal glands on the lower surface, or less often on the sides or upper surface of the petiole apex, chartaceous to thinly coriaceous, glabrous and deep green to midgreen or stellate-pubescent and olive-green on the upper surface, densely silvery-lepidote and rusty-flecked or fulvous stellate-lepidote beneath; midrib usually impressed above, prominent beneath; lateral nerves in 8–17 pairs, not prominent above, scarcely so to often invisible beneath.
More
Male flowers fragrant; pedicels 1–3(5) mm long; buds 1.5–3.5 mm in diameter, subglobose, yellowish-lepidote; sepals 5, 4 × 2.5 mm, ovate, densely tawny-lepidote or rusty-lepidote without, stellate-pubescent within, greenish-yellow; petals 5, 4 × 1.5 mm, elliptic-oblong, sparingly rusty-lepidote without, puberulous within, ciliate, pale creamy-yellow to whitish; disk glands 5, truncate, glabrous; stamens 17–22, filaments 3–4 mm long, sparingly gland-dotted, otherwise glabrous, pale yellow, anthers 1.5 mm long, with a broad glandular connective, yellow; receptacle pubescent.
A shrub or small tree. It grows 6 m tall. It has a pleasant scent. Young stems are hairy. There are scaly hairs underneath the leaves. The leaf blade is dark above and white underneath. Leaves are 4 cm long by 2 cm wide. Male and female flowers are separate on the same plant. There are a few female flowers and more male flowers. The fruit are 7 mm across. They are capsules with 3 lobes. They are covered with scales. They are green and turn yellow.
Female flowers: pedicels 2–3 mm long, extending to 5 mm in fruit, stouter than the male, densely lepidote; sepals and petals ± as in the male; disk scarcely distinguishable; staminodes 4–5, 1.5 mm long, subulate-filiform; ovary 2.5 mm in diameter, globose, densely brown-lepidote; styles 3, 1 mm long, spreading, 2-partite with irregularly multifid segments, abaxially lepidote, adaxially glabrous, dull dark purple.
Bole up to 40 cm d.b.h.; bark rough and longitudinally or rectangularly fissured on lower trunk, smooth on upper trunk, dark grey to pale brownish-grey, patterned.
A shrub or tree up to 12 m tall, monoecious or sometimes dioecious; trunk usually Y-forked with drooping branches; crown sparse, open, rounded or ± pyramidal.
Racemes 1–15 cm long, erect at first, later drooping, terminal, androgynous or all male; axis angular; bracts 2–3(5) mm long, subulate, soon falling.
Seeds 7 × 5.5 × 3 mm, compressed-ellipsoid, smooth, slightly shiny, light brown; caruncle 1.5 mm wide, pentagonal, flattened.
Fruits 8–10 × 8–11 mm, trilobate-subglobose, septicidal, densely greenish-or yellowish-to silvery-lepidote, brown-flecked.
Branches often in whorls of 3.Young twigs rusty-lepidote to fulvous stellate-lepidote.
Stipules 1.5–7 mm long, subulate-filiform.
Petioles 0.5–7 cm long.
Life form
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 10.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It grows on the edge of the forest and in the savannah in West Africa. It grows on dry rocky hillsides. It grows between 5-1,950 m above sea level. It can grow in arid places. It has scales on the leaves that helps it conserve moisture.
More
Fringing forest and savannah.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The fruit are eaten raw. They are also used in sauces and for flavouring. The leaves are eaten as a green vegetable.
Uses animal food environmental use food material medicinal poison social use timber wood
Edible barks fruits leaves seeds
Therapeutic use Fever (unspecified), Malaria (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Croton gratissimus leaf picture by Jan Heyl (cc-by-sa)
Croton gratissimus leaf picture by Sazini Makamu (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Croton gratissimus flower picture by Sazini Makamu (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Croton gratissimus fruit picture by Iain Douglas-Hamilton (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Croton gratissimus world distribution map, present in Angola, Benin, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Kenya, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Sudan, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Chad, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Croton gratissimus threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:342614-1
WFO ID wfo-0000931164
COL ID ZQ6D
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Oxydectes gratissima Croton gratissimus

Lower taxons

Croton gratissimus var. gratissimus Croton gratissimus var. subgratissimus