Croton hirtus l'hér. Klotzsch

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Euphorbiaceae > Croton

Characteristics

Annual herb becoming mostly 1-4 dm high; monoecious; stems conspicuously retrorsely stellate-hispid (hairs ca 1.5-2.5 mm long). Leaves membranous; petioles of leaves on main stem stellate-hispidulous, ca 3-25 mm long; stipules greenish, subulate, subentire, sparsely stellate, ca (1.5-)2.5-4.5 mm long, the glands at apex of petiole 2, distinctly stalked, 0.5-1.2 mm long, 0.1-0.3 mm broad across the flattened head; blades elliptic to more commonly ovate, 2-6.5 cm long, 1.5-5 cm broad (or smaller in depauperate specimens), bright green and rather sparsely strigose-hispid above, minutely glandular-punctate beneath, stellate with 6-10-radiate hairs (radii spreading, hairs ca 0.3-0.8 mm across), the veins at base of larger leaves 5, with ca 3-6 additional veins on each side, the base cuneate, the margins of larger leaves coarsely crenate-duplicidentate, with ca 10-15 major teeth on each side, the apex acute or obtuse. Inflorescences terminal, (the branching pat-tern of well-developed plants ? dichasial), bisexual, (0.5-)1-2.5 cm long, usually nearly sessile and subtended by reduced leaves, with mainly 5-12 proximal solitary 9 flowers and 4-7 solitary distal d flowers; bracts greenish, linear-lanceolate to subulate, glandular-capitate, with 4 or more slender-stalked ellipsoid glands at base (representing bifid stipules), 2-5 mm long (or reduced distally). Staminate flowers with stellate-pubescent pedicels 0.5-1 mm long; calyx-lobes 5, elliptic, hispidulous-stellate, ca 1-1.5 mm long; receptacle glabrous or nearly so; stamens 11, the filaments 0.8-1.1 mm long, glabrous, the anthers elliptic, 0.4-0.5 mm long. Pistillate flowers subsessile, the stout stellate-pubescent pedicels becoming 0.5-1.5 mm long in fruit; calyx-lobes usually 4 (the 5th rudimentary or obsolete), linear to oblanceolate, distinctly unequal, the two larger 1.5-2.5 mm long and 0.4-1.1 mm broad, the two smaller 0.8-1.9 mm long and 0.2-0.3 mm broad (becoming somewhat larger in fruit); disc 5-angled, adnate to the base of the calyx-lobes; petals ellipsoidal, 0.2-0.3 mm long; ovary densely stellate-hispidulous, the styles connate at base or nearly free, ? erect, bifid or bipartite, 1.7-2.5 mm long, the style-branches slender, hispidulous, 1.5-1.8 mm long. Capsules subglobose, stellate-hispidulous, ca 3.5 mm diam, the columella slender, ca 2.8 mm long; seeds com-pressed, blackish-brown, smooth (minutely foveolate-reticulate), minutely beaked, 2.6-3.1 mm long, 1.8-2.3 mm broad, the caruncle broadly ovate, 0.4-0.6 mm long, 0.7-1.6 mm broad.
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A monoecious annual herb up to 45 cm. high, commonly with a single stem which is 3-branched about halfway up, the branches then themselves 3-or else 2-branched.. Stems stiffly stellate-hispid, the stellate hairs with one ray much larger than the others.. Leaves whorled, opposite or alternate; petiole 4–9 mm. long, densely to evenly stellate-hirsute; blade ovate, 2–5 cm. long, 1–3 cm. wide, acute or subacute, cuneate or ± rounded, with 2 stipitate discoid basal glands at the apex of the petiole, bicrenate-biserrate, membranaceous, 5-nerved from the base, lateral nerves 3–6 pairs, sparingly ± simply hirsute on the upper surface, but stellate-hirsute along the midrib and main nerves above, evenly stellate-hirsute beneath.. Stipules filiform, 3–5 mm. long, sparingly stellate-pubescent.. Racemes terminal, 1.5–2.5 cm. long, the lower half ♀, the upper half ♂; axis evenly stellate-pubescent; bracts linear, 2–3 mm. long, sparingly stellate-pubescent and often also with long gland-tipped branched or unbranched hairs at the base.. Male flowers: pedicels 1 mm. long, pubescent; calyx-lobes 5, elliptic-ovate, 1 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, acute, stellate-pubescent without, glabrous within, with an apical tuft of hairs; petals 5, linear-oblong, 1 mm. long, sparingly pubescent, white; disc-glands free, obovoid; stamens 10, filaments 1.5 mm. long, subglabrous, anthers 0.3 mm. long; receptacle pilose.. Female flowers: pedicels 1.5 mm. long, pubescent; calyx-lobes 5, unequal, oblong-linear, 2–4 mm. long, 0.5–0.7 mm. wide, obtuse, sparingly stellate-pubescent without, glabrous within, slightly accrescent; petals 0; disc ± pentagonal, very flat; ovary subglobose-subtrilobate, 1 mm. long, 1 mm. diameter, sparingly stellate-pubescent; styles 3, shortly united at the base, 1.5 mm. long, ± erect, sparingly pubescent, bifid almost to the base, the lobes filiform.. Fruit trilobate-subglobose, 3 mm. long, 3 mm. diameter, septicidal, sparingly stellate-pubescent.. Seeds somewhat compressed-ovoid, 2.5 mm. long, 2–2.5 mm. wide, grey or brownish mottled, minutely reticulate-rugulose, shiny, with a small caruncle.
Erect herb to 1 m high, annual. Indumentum fawn to pale brown. Stems with dense sessile stellate trichomes. Stipules subulate, 2.5–9 mm long, entire. Leaf lamina elliptic to oblanceolate, 5–60 mm long, 4–50 mm wide; base cuneate to rhomboid; margins crenate, with 10–22 teeth; tip acute; venation palminerved with 5 veins at base and 6 or 7 lateral veins per side of midrib, tertiary reticulate veins obscure; lower surface pale green, venation weakly visible, with sparse sessile glands and sparse sessile to shortly stalked stellate trichomes; extrafloral nectaries 2 at top of petiole, ellipsoid, stipitate to 1 mm. Male flowers: pedicels 0.8–1 mm long; sepals lanceolate-ovate, 1.5–1.7 mm long; petals obovate, 1.5–1.7 mm long; stamens 9–12. Styles 3, bifid once. Fruit trilobate, globose, 3.5–4.5 mm long, 4–4.5 mm diam., with sparse sessile stellate trichomes.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.43
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A weed in disturbed areas. 
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Croton hirtus l'hér. leaf picture by Siva Kumar (cc-by-sa)
Croton hirtus l'hér. leaf picture by ZOSMO SIMIAO (cc-by-sa)
Croton hirtus l'hér. leaf picture by Youkpo Barthélemy Oréga (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Croton hirtus l'hér. flower picture by Siva Kumar (cc-by-sa)
Croton hirtus l'hér. flower picture by Pablo Lizondo (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Croton hirtus l'hér. world distribution map, present in Australia, Benin, Bangladesh, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, Indonesia, Jamaica, Liberia, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Paraguay, Sierra Leone, Suriname, Thailand, Tanzania, United Republic of, and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:70337-2
WFO ID wfo-0000931249
COL ID ZQ8X
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 629475
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Brachystachys hirta Podostachys hirta Croton glandulosus var. cordovensis Oxydectes glandulosa var. hirta Croton glandulosus subsp. hirtus (l'hér.) Croton glandulosus var. hirtus (l'hér.) Croton glandulosus var. martii Croton glandulosus var. sagotii Croton glandulosus var. schomburgkianus Croton glandulosus var. sieberi Croton glandulosus var. tenellus Croton hirtus l'hér.