Croton macrostachyus Hochst. ex Delile

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Euphorbiaceae > Croton

Characteristics

A dioecious or sometimes monoecious shrub or spreading tree up to 25 m. tall, although more commonly 6–12 m. tall.. Bark light or dark grey, finely to deeply longitudinally fissured.. Young twigs sparsely, evenly or densely greyish ± adpressed stellate-pubescent, the hairs often with a projecting central ray.. Older twigs greyish brown.. Petioles 1.5–11 cm. long, usually sparingly stellate-pubescent, sometimes either densely so or almost glabrous; leaf-blade broadly ovate to elliptic-ovate, 4–15(–20) cm. long, 2.5–10(–13) cm. wide, obtusely or subacutely acuminate, rounded or cordate, with 2–4(–8) subsessile or stipitate discoid basal glands visible or not from above, crenulate-serrulate to subentire, thinly to firmly chartaceous, 5–7(–9)-nerved from the base, remaining lateral nerves 4–8(–11) pairs, usually fairly prominent beneath, densely fulvous (above) and greyish (beneath) stellate-pubescent at first, later becoming evenly or sparingly adpressed stellate-pubescent and dark green above, and evenly or sparingly greyish hirsute-stellate-pubescent beneath.. Stipules linear or linear-subulate, 5–14 mm. long, entire or with a few subulate lateral lobes, sparingly stellate-pubescent or subglabrous, caducous.. Racemes terminal, (7–)15–32 cm. long, up to 3 cm. wide, either all ♂ or all ♀, or mostly ♂ with a few ♀ flowers at the base, or sometimes half ♂ and half ♀ or mostly ♀ with a few ♂ flowers at the top, the ♂ flowers in clusters along the axis, the ♀’s usually solitary within the bracts, or with 1 ♀ flower accompanied by 1 or more ♂ flowers per cluster; axis densely stellate-strigose, or evenly or sparingly stellate-pubescent; bracts linear, 2–3(–5) mm. long, sparingly pubescent or subglabrous.. Male flowers: pedicels 4–10(–14) mm. long, densely stellate-pubescent; sepals 5, ovate, 3 mm. long, 2.5 mm. broad, obtuse, stellate-pubescent without, pubescent within at the middle and towards the apex, pale green; petals 5, oblanceolate-oblong, 3.5 mm. long, 1.5–2 mm. wide, obtuse, ± glabrous without, densely villous within and on the margin, pale yellow; disc-glands rounded, hairy; stamens 15–20, filaments 4 mm. long, villous in the lower half, anthers 1 mm. long; receptacle densely villous.. Female flowers: pedicels 2–5(–8) mm. long, stouter than the ♂ pedicels, scarcely elongating in fruit, densely fulvous stellate-pubescent; sepals 5, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 3 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad, obtuse, evenly stellate-pubescent without, sparingly stellate-pilose within; petals 0, or, if present, linear and smaller than in the ♂ flowers; staminodes 0–1(–2), filament-like; disc-glands free, ± truncate; ovary trigonous, 2 mm. diameter, densely fulvous adpressed stellate-pubescent-sublepidote; styles 3(–4), spreading, 2.5 mm. long, pubescent at the base, otherwise glabrous, deeply bipartite, the lobes linear, sometimes bifid at the apex, 2 mm. long.. Fruit subtrilobed, rarely 4-lobed, often more particularly so at the apex, 8–9 mm. long, 8–10(–15) mm. wide, loculicidal, evenly stellate-pubescent-sublepidote.. Seeds ellipsoid, 7 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, longitudinally rugulose, grey, somewhat shiny, with a large waxy caruncle 4.5 mm. long and 4 mm. wide.
More
A tree. It grows 25 m high. It loses its leaves for a short time. The crown is rounded and open with spreading branches. The bark is pale grey and finely cracked. The leaves are large and green. They turn orange before they fall. They are oval with a rounded base and taper to the tip. There can be teeth along the edge. The leaves are 5-19 cm long by 4015 cm wide. The leaves are on long stalks crowded at the ends of small branches. The flowers are yellow to white and have a sweet scent. The male and female flowers are on separate shoots. They are in erect spikes. The male flowering shoots are 25 cm long. The female shoots are 10 cm long. The fruit are green when young. They are on drooping spikes 10 cm long. They have 3 lobes.
Female flowers: pedicels 2–5 mm long, not or scarcely extending in fruit, stout, densely stellate-pubescent; sepals 5, 3–3.5 × 1.5–2 mm, ovate-lanceolate, evenly stellate-lepidote without, sparingly stellate-pubescent within, grey-green; petals 0 or 5, 0.5–1 mm long, linear to subulate, subglabrous; disk 5-lobed, the lobes truncate, pubescent; ovary 2 mm in diameter, trigonous or quadrangular, densely lepidote; styles 3–4, 3 mm long, spreading, 2-partite with the segments filiform-linear, minutely puberulous.
Leaf blades 6–18 × 4–14 cm, ovate, acuminate at the apex, shallowly crenate-serrate to subentire on the margins, cordate or subcordate at the base with a pair of shortly stipitate to subsessile basal discoid glands on the lower surface, chartaceous, sparingly appressed stellate-pubescent to fimbriate-lepidote above, and sparingly to densely so or patent stellate-tomentose beneath; 5–7-nerved from the base, lateral nerves in 4–9 pairs, ± prominent beneath.
Male flowers: pedicels 0.5–1 cm long; sepals 5, 3 × 2–2.5 mm, ovate, stellate-lepidote without, pubescent within, pale green; petals 5, 3–3.5 × 1.5–2 mm, oblanceolate-oblong, subglabrous without, villous within and on the margin, pale creamy-yellow in colour; disk glands rounded, pilose; stamens 15–20, filaments 4 mm long, villous below, anthers c. 1 mm long; receptacle densely villous.
Young twigs, petioles and inflorescence axes densely, evenly or sparingly greyish appressed or patent stellate-pubescent, later glabrescent and becoming dark grey-brown and lenticellate.
Racemes up to 35 cm long, terminal, usually androgynous, sometimes male or female; bracts shorter than the stipules but otherwise resembling the stipules.
Fruits 0.8–1 × 0.8–1.5 cm, trilobate or quadrilobate, loculicidal or septicidal, densely to evenly scurfily stellate-pubescent, pale greyish-green.
A tree up to 30 m tall, dioecious or sometimes monoecious; crown much-branched, spreading, rounded.
Bark smooth to closely reticulate, pale grey or greyish-brown, slightly corky.
Seeds 7 × 4 mm, ellipsoid, rugulose, grey; caruncle 4.5 × 4 mm, waxy.
Stipules 5–7 mm long, linear to filiform-setaceous, soon falling.
Fruit slightly 3-lobed, about 1/2 in. diam.
A tree, in savannah, up to 30–50 ft high
Bole up to 1.8 m in circumference.
Petioles 3–12 cm long.
Flowers fragrant.
Flowers white
Life form
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 25.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Evergreen forest, Brachystegia woodland and wooded grassland in submontane localities, often on rocky hillsides, in evergreen riverine and gully forest, and swamp forest, also on termitaria at elevations of 825-1,830, occ to 2,165 metres.
More
A tropical plant. It grows near the edges of forests and in gaps in the forests. In Malawi it grows from about 1,000-2,250 m altitude.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Caution: Seeds are poisonous. The young shoots are cooked and eaten.
Uses animal food charcoal environmental use food fuel invertebrate food material medicinal oil poison wood
Edible leaves shoots
Therapeutic use Abortifacient (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified), Tapeworm (unspecified), Venereal (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds. Seeds germinate in 30-60 days.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Croton macrostachyus leaf picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Croton macrostachyus flower picture by François Morand (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Croton macrostachyus world distribution map, present in Angola, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sudan, Somalia, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Croton macrostachyus threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:342917-1
WFO ID wfo-0000931591
COL ID ZQHH
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Croton acuminatus Oxydectes macrostachya Rottlera schimperi Croton butaguensis Croton guerzesiensis Croton guerzesiensis Croton macrostachyus var. mollissimus Croton macrostachyus