Croton megalobotrys Müll.Arg.

Large fever berry (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Euphorbiaceae > Croton

Characteristics

Leaf blades 3–19 × 2–13 cm, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, usually acutely caudate-acuminate at the apex, somewhat irregularly and coarsely crenate-serrate or dentate on the margins, cuneate to rounded or truncate to cordate at the base, membranous to thinly chartaceous, densely stellate-tomentose on both surfaces at first, later glabrescent above and cottony stellate-pilose beneath, slightly roughened, light or deep green; 3–7-nerved from the base, lateral nerves in 3–5 pairs, slightly prominent.
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Male flowers: pedicels 3–7 mm long, slender; sepals 5, 2.5–3 × 2–2.5 mm, suborbicular, subglabrous without, glabrous within, ciliate, pale green; petals 5, 4 × 1.5 mm, oblanceolate, subacute, pubescent at the apex, pale cream-yellow or whitish; disk glands free, truncate; stamens 15–20(25), filaments 3 mm long, glabrous, anthers 0.5 mm long; receptacle densely villous.
Female flowers: pedicels 3–5 mm long, extending to up to 10 mm in fruit, stout; sepals 5, larger than in the male flowers and ovate, but otherwise similar; petals absent; disk shallowly 5-lobed, crenulate; ovary 3 mm in diameter, globose, densely stellate-tomentose; styles 3, 3 mm long, 4-partite, inflexed, glabrous, buff-orange, persistent.
Racemes terminal on the main axis or terminating short axillary or lateral shoots, the male racemes and the androgynous racemes 4.5–17 cm long, the female racemes 2–3 cm long; axes densely stellate-pilose at first, later sparingly so; bracts resembling the stipules, the male bracts several-flowered, the female bracts usually only 1-flowered.
A tree. It can grow 15 m tall. The branches are often drooping. The leaves are whitish with silvery green hairs. The leaves have irregular edges and rough teeth. The flowers are yellowish-green. The fruit are 4 cm long by 3.8 cm wide. They are green and turn orange to brown.
Fruits 2–3.5 × 2.2–3.5 cm when dry, up to 4 × 3.8 cm when fresh, trilobate-subglobose, often bilobate or ovoid-ellipsoid by abortion, indehiscent, softly stellate-tomentose at first, later glabrescent, bright green at first, later becoming orange to golden-brown.
Tree, up to 15 m high. Leaves with whitish, silvery green stellate hairs, especially on undersurface when young, margin irregularly and roughly dentate. Flowers yellowish green.
A shrub or tree up to 14 m tall, sometimes sarmentose, often lax branched from the base, monoecious or sometimes dioecious; crown conical to rounded.
Petioles 2–7(11) cm long, densely stellate-pilose at first, soon glabrescent, with 2 stipitate discoid glands at the apex.
Seeds 1.7–2 × 1.5–1.8 × 0.9–1.2 cm, broadly compressed-ovoid, subtruncate, dark purplish-brown, dull, ecarunculate.
Stipules 3–7 mm long, linear-lanceolate, often 1–2-lobed near the base, subglabrous, soon falling.
Bark grey, longitudinally lenticellate, smooth at first later becoming fissured.
Trunk up to 60 cm in diameter and 180 cm in circumference, angular.
Twigs grey-green, lenticellate.
Branches drooping.
Life form
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality monoecy
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Mature height (meter) 14.0
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Environment

Deciduous woodland; riverine fringing vegetation; sand banks of rivers and seasonal watercourses; on floodplain alluvium forming thickets; as understorey to larger trees; seasonal pan margins; island vegetation in swamps; 110-1,070 metres.
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It is a tropical plant.
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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses animal food environmental use food fuel material medicinal poison social use vertebrate poison
Edible -
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Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
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Images

Croton megalobotrys unspecified picture

Distribution

Croton megalobotrys world distribution map, present in Botswana, Cabo Verde, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, United Republic of, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Croton megalobotrys threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:342967-1
WFO ID wfo-0000931663
COL ID 6BKCY
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Oxydectes megalobotrys Croton gubouga Croton megalobotrys