Croton megalocarpus Hutch.

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Euphorbiaceae > Croton

Characteristics

A large monoecious or occasionally dioecious tree up to 35 m. tall, though commonly 15–25 m., with a clear bole up to 20 m. high and 1 m. diameter and a spreading crown; bark pale grey-brown, closely longitudinally fissured.. Young twigs densely fulvous lepidote to fulvous or ferruginous stellate-lepidote.. Older twigs greyish brown, tardily glabrescent.. Petioles 2–8(–11) cm. long, densely fulvous lepidote to fulvous or ferruginous stellate-lepidote; leaf-blade ovate, elliptic-ovate, elliptic-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, (4–)7–14(–19) cm. long, (1.5–)3–7(–11) cm. wide, shortly and acutely or subacutely acuminate, cuneate-rounded, rounded or shallowly cordate, with 2(–4) sessile or stalked basal glands visible or not from above, entire, firmly chartaceous to subcoriaceous, lateral nerves 15–25 pairs, not or slightly impressed above, slightly prominent beneath, midrib impressed above, prominent beneath, evenly minutely stellate-puberulous and medium to dark green above, densely silvery lepidote or rarely stellate-lepidote and brown flecked beneath, the scales fimbriate.. Stipules linear-filiform, sometimes somewhat laciniate towards the base, 5–10 mm. long., sparingly scurfily stellate-lepidote, subpersistent.. Racemes terminal, 7.5–30 cm. long, all ♂ or with a few ♀ flowers at the base, axis angular, densely fulvous lepidote to fulvous or ferruginous stellate-lepidote; bracts linear-lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, 2–4.5 mm. long, densely stellate-lepidote, soon caducous.. Male flowers: pedicels 7–15 mm. long, densely silvery lepidote, often brown flecked; calyx 5-lobed, the lobes triangular-ovate, 4.5 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide, subacutely acuminate, densely silvery lepidote and brown flecked without, densely pubescent within, somewhat villous on the margin at the apex, greenish yellow; petals 5, obovate, 5 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide, densely silvery lepidote and sparingly light-brown flecked without, pubescent within, somewhat villous on the margin, pale straw-yellow; disc-glands ± free, truncate; stamens 25–30(–40), filaments 5–7(–8) mm. long, glabrous above, sparingly pilose below, anthers 1.5–2 mm. long; receptacle pubescent.. Female flowers: pedicels 4–12 mm. long, up to 2 cm. long in fruit, stouter than in the ♂; calyx-lobes 3.5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, otherwise as in the ♂; petals 5, linear, 5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, lepidote without in the lower part, otherwise subglabrous, pubescent within and villous on the margin; disc shallowly 5-lobed or ± annular; ovary subglobose-subtrilobed, 4 mm. diameter, densely silvery lepidote and brown flecked; styles 3, spreading, 1.5 mm. long, subglabrous above, densely stellate-lepidote beneath, shortly bipartite, the segments 2–4-lobulate.. Fruit ellipsoid-ovoid to subglobose, not lobed, 3–4.5 cm. long, 2.5–3(–4) cm. diameter, loculicidal from the apex, lepidote; endocarp woody, 3–5.5 mm. thick, with three double rows of pits outside corresponding to the septa.. Seeds ellipsoid-ovoid or oblong-ellipsoid, (1.8–)2.2–2.4 cm. long, 1.2–1.4 cm. wide, somewhat ridged and rugulose, white when fresh, grey-brown when dry, with a minute caruncle.
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Leaf blades 4–16 × 1.5–8 cm, elliptic-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, entire or almost so at the apex, cordulate at the base usually with 2(4) sessile or shortly stipitate basal glands on the under surface or near the petiole apex, chartaceous, evenly minutely stellate-pubescent and bright green on the upper surface, silvery-lepidote and brown-flecked beneath; lateral nerves in 10–21 pairs, not or slightly impressed above, prominent beneath.
Female flowers: pedicels 4–10 mm long, extending to 2 cm in fruit, stouter than in the male; sepals somewhat smaller than in the male flowers, but otherwise similar; petals 5, 5 × 0.5 mm, linear, lepidote without at the base, pubescent within, ciliate; disk shallowly 5-lobed; ovary 3 mm in diameter, subtrilobate-subglobose, densely lepidote; styles 3, 1.5 mm long, spreading, 2-partite, the segments 2–4-lobulate, lepidote beneath, otherwise subglabrous.
Male flowers: pedicels 3–10 mm long; buds 4–5 mm in diameter, globose, rusty-lepidote; sepals 5, c. 4 × 2.5 mm, ovate, rusty-lepidote without, sericeous-pubescent within, greenish-yellow; petals 5, 4.5 × 3 mm, obovate, lepidote without, pubescent within, ciliate, pale yellow; disk glands 5(6), free, truncate; stamens c. 30, filaments 5–7 mm long, glabrous above, pilose below, anthers c. 1 mm long; receptacle pubescent.
Racemes 2.5–16(30) cm long, terminal, all male or with a few female flowers at the base; axis angular, rusty-lepidote; bracts 1–2 mm long, subulate, soon falling.
Fruits (1.5)3–4.5 × (1.5)2.5–3(4) cm, ellipsoid-ovoid to subglobose, loculicidal, creamy-lepidote; endocarp woody, pitted.
Seeds 2 × 1 × 0.7 cm, ellipsoid, shallowly rugulose, slightly shiny, yellowish-grey; caruncle minute.
A large tree up to 30 m tall with a spreading crown, monoecious or dioecious.
Young growth silvery-lepidote or rusty stellate-pubescent.
Bark and twigs pale grey or brown.
Stipules 7–10 mm long, filiform.
Petioles 1.5–11 cm long.
Life form
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 27.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A dominant, upper-canopy tree of evergreen and semi-deciduous forest at elevations from 700-2,400 metres, sometimes also in riverine woodland and wooded grassland.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

Uses animal food charcoal coffee substitute dye environmental use food fuel material medicinal oil poison wood
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Croton megalocarpus habit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Croton megalocarpus leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Croton megalocarpus leaf picture by Peter Ongolo (cc-by-sa)
Croton megalocarpus leaf picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Croton megalocarpus fruit picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Croton megalocarpus world distribution map, present in Burkina Faso, Kenya, Mozambique, Rwanda, Somalia, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, and Zambia

Conservation status

Croton megalocarpus threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:342969-1
WFO ID wfo-0000931666
COL ID ZQKH
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Croton elliotianus Croton megalocarpus